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Cognitive compensatory mechanisms in normal aging: a study on verbal fluency and the contribution of other cognitive functions

机译:正常衰老中的认知补偿机制:语言流利度和其他认知功能的贡献研究

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摘要

Verbal fluency has been widely studied in cognitive aging. However, compensatory mechanisms that maintain its optimal performance with increasing age are not completely understood. Using cross-sectional data, we investigated differentiation and dedifferentiation processes in verbal fluency across the lifespan by analyzing the association between verbal fluency and numerous cognitive measures within four age groups (N=446): early middle-age (32-45 years), late middle-age (46-58 years), early elderly (59-71 years), and late elderly (72-84 years). ANCOVA was used to investigate the interaction between age and fluency modality. Random forest models were conducted to study the contribution of cognition to semantic, phonemic, and action fluency. All modalities declined with increasing age, but semantic fluency was the most vulnerable to aging. The most prominent reduction in performance was observed during the transition from middle-age to early elderly, when cognitive variables stopped contributing (differentiation), and new cognitive variables started contributing (dedifferentiation). Lexical access, processing speed, and executive functions were among the most contributing functions. We conclude that the association between age and verbal fluency is masked by age-specific influences of other cognitive functions. Differentiation and dedifferentiation processes can coexist. This study provides important data for better understanding of cognitive aging and compensatory processes.
机译:口头流利度已在认知老化中得到广泛研究。然而,随着年龄的增长,维持其最佳表现的补偿机制尚未完全被理解。我们使用横断面数据,通过分析口语流利度与四个年龄段(N = 446)(早期中年(32-45岁))中众多认知措施之间的关联,研究了整个生命期口语流利度的分化和去分化过程。中晚期(46-58岁),老年人(59-71岁)和老年人(72-84岁)。 ANCOVA被用来调查年龄和流利程度之间的相互作用。进行了随机森林模型研究认知对语义,语音和动作流畅性的贡献。所有形式都随着年龄的增长而下降,但语义流利性最容易老化。在从中年人过渡到早期老​​年人的过程中,表现最明显的下降是当认知变量停止起作用(分化),而新的认知变量开始起作用(去分化)时。词汇访问,处理速度和执行功能是最重要的功能之一。我们得出结论,年龄与语言流利性之间的关联被其他认知功能的特定年龄影响所掩盖。分化和去分化过程可以共存。这项研究提供了重要的数据,以更好地了解认知衰老和补偿过程。

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