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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Journal of Nematology >Soil Nematode Diversity: Species Coexistence and Ecosystem Function
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Soil Nematode Diversity: Species Coexistence and Ecosystem Function

机译：土壤线虫多样性：物种共存和生态系统功能

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摘要

Soil nematode species diversity is often high, both at ecosystem and single soil-core scales. First, how can so many species coexist? There is evidence of niche partitioning, notably of physical space, but vast interspecific overlaps and trait plasticity seem equally common. It appears that coexistence of species with similar resource needs is made possible by small-scale disturbance and predation, which likely reduce local population sizes and interspecific competition. Regional processes such as dispersal, large-scale disturbance, and aggregation, which govern ecosystem level diversity, may also affect local species interactions and soil-core scale diversity. Second, what is the significance of having so many species, with so few trophic functions, for ecosystem processes? Focusing on bacterivore diversity, it is clear that species contributions to decomposition, likely to differ as a function of individual biologies, are concealed by the trophic group approach. However, considerable functional redundancy probably exists, which may explain why decomposition processes are maintained in highly disturbed soils despite the extinction of many species. Thus, soil nematode diversity is important for the long-term stability of soil functioning, and merits protection and further study.
机译：在生态系统和单一土壤核心规模上，土壤线虫物种多样性通常很高。首先，这么多物种如何共存？有证据表明，生态位的划分，特别是物理空间的划分，但种间的巨大重叠和性状可塑性似乎同样普遍。看来，小规模的干扰和捕食使具有相似资源需求的物种共存成为可能，这可能会减少当地种群的数量和种间竞争。支配生态系统水平多样性的区域过程，例如散布，大规模扰动和聚集，也可能影响当地物种的相互作用和土壤核心尺度的多样性。第二，对于生态系统过程而言，拥有如此众多的物种而具有很少的营养功能是什么意思呢？着眼于噬菌体多样性，很明显，营养群方法掩盖了物种对分解的贡献（可能随个体生物学的变化而不同）。但是，可能存在相当大的功能冗余，这可以解释为什么尽管许多物种都灭绝了，但在高度受干扰的土壤中仍保持分解过程。因此，土壤线虫多样性对于土壤功能的长期稳定性，保护和进一步研究具有重要意义。

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