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Balancing the Fair Treatment of Others While Preserving Group Identity and Autonomy

机译：在维护群体身份和自主权的同时平衡对他人的公平对待

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Social exclusion and inclusion from groups, as well as the distribution of resources, are fundamental aspects of social life, and serve as sources of conflicts that bear on issues of fairness and equality, beginning in childhood. For the most part, research on social exclusion and allocation of resources has not focused on the issue of group membership. Yet, social exclusion from groups and the denial of resources reflect societal issues pertaining to social inequality and its counterpoint, fair treatment of others. Social inequality occurs when opportunities and resources are distributed unevenly in society, often through group norms about allocation that reflect socially defined categories of persons. This occurs at multiple levels of societal organization, from experiences of exclusion in childhood such as being left out of a play activity, to being denied access to resources as a member of a group. These situations extend to larger level experiences in the adult world concerning social exclusion from voting, for example, or participation in educational institutions. Thus, most decisions regarding social exclusion and the denial of resources involve considerations of group identity and group membership, implicitly or explicitly, which contribute to prejudice and bias, even though this has rarely been investigated in developmental science. Current research illustrating the role of group identity and autonomy regarding decision-making about social exclusion and the denial of resources is reviewed from the Social Reasoning Developmental model, one that integrates social domain theory and developmental social identity theories to investigate how children use moral, conventional, and psychological judgments to evaluate contexts reflecting group identity, group norms, and intergroup dynamics.
机译：社会排斥和包容以及资源的分配是社会生活的基本方面，并且是从童年开始就涉及公平和平等问题的冲突根源。在大多数情况下，关于社会排斥和资源分配的研究并未集中在团体成员的问题上。然而，社会排斥群体和剥夺资源反映了与社会不平等及其对立面，公正对待他人有关的社会问题。当机会和资源在社会中分布不均时，通常会通过关于分配的群体规范来反映社会界定的人员类别，从而造成社会不平等。这发生在社会组织的多个层面上，从童年时代的排斥经历（例如被排除在游戏活动之外）到被拒绝作为团体成员获得资源。这些情况扩展到成年人世界中有关社会排斥投票或参与教育机构等方面的较大经验。因此，大多数关于社会排斥和资源剥夺的决定都隐含或显式地考虑了群体认同和群体成员身份，这会导致偏见和偏见，尽管在发展科学中很少对此进行研究。社会推理发展模型回顾了当前研究，该研究说明了群体认同和自主权在社会排斥决策和拒绝资源方面的作用，该模型将社会领域理论与发展性社会认同理论相结合，以研究儿童如何使用道德，传统和心理判断，以评估反映群体身份，群体规范和群体间动态的情境。

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