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Mechanisms of microbubble–vessel interactions and induced stresses: A numerical study

机译:微泡-容器相互作用和诱导应力的机制:数值研究

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摘要

Oscillating microbubbles within microvessels could induce stresses that lead to bioeffects or vascular damage. Previous work has attributed vascular damage to the vessel expansion or bubble jet. However, ultra-high speed images of recent studies suggest that it could happen due to the vascular invagination. Numerical simulations of confined bubbles could provide insight into understanding the mechanism behind bubble–vessel interactions. In this study, a finite element model of a coupled bubble/fluid/vessel system was developed and validated with experimental data. Also, for a more realistic study viscoelastic properties of microvessels were assessed and incorporated into this comprehensive numerical model. The wall shear stress (WSS) and circumferential stress (CS), metrics of vascular damage, were calculated from these simulations. Resultant amplitudes of oscillation were within 15% of those measured in experiments (four cases). Among the experimental cases, it was numerically found that maximum WSS values were between 1.1–18.3 kPa during bubble expansion and 1.5–74 kPa during bubble collapse. CS was between 0.43–2.2 MPa during expansion and 0.44–6 MPa while invaginated. This finding confirmed that vascular damage could occur during vascular invaginations. Predicted thresholds in which these stresses are higher during vessel invagination were calculated from simulations.
机译:微血管内的微气泡振荡可能会引起应力,从而导致生物效应或血管损伤。先前的工作将血管损伤归因于血管扩张或气泡喷射。但是,最新研究的超高速图像表明,它可能是由于血管内陷而发生的。密闭气泡的数值模拟可以提供深入了解气泡与容器相互作用的机制的见解。在这项研究中,建立了一个耦合的气泡/流体/容器系统的有限元模型,并用实验数据进行了验证。此外,为进行更现实的研究,对微血管的粘弹性进行了评估,并将其纳入了该综合数值模型。从这些模拟中计算出壁切应力(WSS)和周向应力(CS),即血管损伤的指标。产生的振荡幅度在实验中测得的幅度在15%以内(四种情况)。在实验案例中,从数值上发现,在气泡膨胀期间,最大WSS值在1.1-18.3 kPa之间;在气泡破裂期间,最大WSS值在1.5-74 kPa之间。 CS膨胀时介于0.43–2.2 MPa之间,而扩张时介于0.44–6 MPa之间。这一发现证实了在血管内陷期间可能发生血管损伤。通过模拟计算出在血管内陷期间这些应力较高的预测阈值。

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