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Modelling turbulent boundary layer flow over fractal-like multiscale terrain using large-eddy simulations and analytical tools

机译:使用大涡模拟和分析工具对分形状多尺度地形上的湍流边界层流进行建模

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摘要

In recent years, there has been growing interest in large-eddy simulation (LES) modelling of atmospheric boundary layers interacting with arrays of wind turbines on complex terrain. However, such terrain typically contains geometric features and roughness elements reaching down to small scales that typically cannot be resolved numerically. Thus subgrid-scale models for the unresolved features of the bottom roughness are needed for LES. Such knowledge is also required to model the effects of the ground surface ‘underneath’ a wind farm. Here we adapt a dynamic approach to determine subgrid-scale roughness parametrizations and apply it for the case of rough surfaces composed of cuboidal elements with broad size distributions, containing many scales. We first investigate the flow response to ground roughness of a few scales. LES with the dynamic roughness model which accounts for the drag of unresolved roughness is shown to provide resolution-independent results for the mean velocity distribution. Moreover, we develop an analytical roughness model that accounts for the sheltering effects of large-scale on small-scale roughness elements. Taking into account the shading effect, constraints from fundamental conservation laws, and assumptions of geometric self-similarity, the analytical roughness model is shown to provide analytical predictions that agree well with roughness parameters determined from LES.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Wind energy in complex terrains’.
机译:近年来,人们越来越对大气边界层与复杂地形上的风力涡轮机阵列相互作用的大涡模拟(LES)建模感兴趣。但是,这种地形通常包含几何特征和粗糙度元素,这些几何特征和粗糙度元素通常无法数字化地分解到小比例尺。因此,LES需要底部网格未解决特征的亚网格规模模型。建模风电场“下方”的地面影响也需要这些知识。在这里,我们采用一种动态方法来确定亚网格规模的粗糙度参数化,并将其应用于由长方体元素组成的粗糙表面的情况下,这些立方体元素的尺寸分布范围广,包含许多尺度。我们首先研究几种尺度对地面粗糙度的流动响应。具有动态粗糙度模型的LES显示了未解决的粗糙度的阻力,它显示出为平均速度分布提供与分辨率无关的结果。此外,我们开发了一个分析粗糙度模型,该模型考虑了大规模对小规模粗糙度元素的掩蔽效应。考虑到阴影效应,基本守恒定律的约束以及几何自相似性的假设,分析粗糙度模型显示出与LES确定的粗糙度参数非常吻合的分析预测。本文是主题问题的一部分“复杂地形中的风能”。

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