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Estimating long-run equilibrium real exchange rates: short-lived shocks with long-lived impacts on Pakistan

机译:估计长期均衡实际汇率:短期冲击对巴基斯坦产生长期影响

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摘要

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that affect real exchange rate volatility for Pakistan through the co-integration and error correction model over a 30-year time period, i.e. between 1980 and 2010. The study employed the autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH), generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) and Vector Error Correction model (VECM) to estimate the changes in the volatility of real exchange rate series, while an error correction model was used to determine the short-run dynamics of the system. The study is limited to a few variables i.e., productivity differential (i.e., real GDP per capita relative to main trading partner); terms of trade; trade openness and government expenditures in order to manage robust data. The result indicates that real effective exchange rate (REER) has been volatile around its equilibrium level; while, the speed of adjustment is relatively slow. VECM results confirm long run convergence of real exchange rate towards its equilibrium level. Results from ARCH and GARCH estimation shows that real shocks volatility persists, so that shocks die out rather slowly, and lasting misalignment seems to have occurred.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2193-1801-2-292) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
机译:本研究的目的是通过30年期间(即1980年至2010年)的协整和误差校正模型来研究影响巴基斯坦实际汇率波动的因素。该研究采用了自回归条件异方差(ARCH) ),广义自回归条件异方差(GARCH)和矢量误差校正模型(VECM)来估算实际汇率序列波动性的变化,同时使用误差校正模型确定系统的短期动态。该研究仅限于一些变量,即生产率差异(即相对于主要贸易伙伴的实际人均GDP);交易条件;贸易开放性和政府支出,以便管理可靠的数据。结果表明,实际有效汇率(REER)在其均衡水平附近波动。同时,调整速度相对较慢。 VECM结果证实了实际汇率朝着均衡水平的长期收敛。 ARCH和GARCH估计的结果表明,实际的冲击波仍然存在,因此冲击消失得很慢,并且似乎发生了持续的未对准。电子补充材料本文的在线版本(doi:10.1186 / 2193-1801-2-292)包含补充材料,授权用户可以使用。

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