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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Scientific Reports >U.S. Agro-Climate in 20th Century: Growing Degree Days First and Last Frost Growing Season Length and Impacts on Crop Yields
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U.S. Agro-Climate in 20th Century: Growing Degree Days First and Last Frost Growing Season Length and Impacts on Crop Yields

机译：20世纪美国的农业气候条件：生长天数初霜和终霜生长季节长短以及对农作物产量的影响

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Significant air temperature changes have occurred globally during the 20th century, which are spatially variable to a considerable degree and these changes can have substantial implications in agroecosystem productivity. The agroclimate indicators that are responsible in these contexts are first fall frost (FFF), last spring frost (LSF), climatological growing season (CGS) length, and heat accumulation (growing degree days, GDD). We explore spatial and temporal trends associated with these indices across the continental U.S. (CONUS) during 1900–2014 using datasets collected at 1218 sites. On average, FFF has been occurring later (by 5.4 days century−1), and LSF has been occurring earlier (by 6.9 days century−1), resulting in the average lengthening of the CGS (by 12.7 days century−1). Annual GDD has been increasing by 50 °C century−1. We also report trends for agricultural belts and climate regions. We developed relationships between county-level crop yields vs. agroclimate changes and found that all crops (maize, soybean, sorghum, spring wheat, winter wheat, and cotton) responded positively to a lengthened CGS, while responding negatively to increase in GDD, except cotton. Overall, we find that the observed changes in agroclimate, were beneficial for crop yields in the CONUS, albeit some crop and region specific exceptions.
机译：在20世纪全球范围内发生了显着的气温变化，其空间变化程度相当大，这些变化可能对农业生态系统生产力产生重大影响。在这些情况下负责的农业气候指标是初秋霜（FFF），后春霜（LSF），气候生长期（CGS）长度和热量积聚（生长度天，GDD）。我们使用在1218个站点收集的数据集，探索了1900-2014年美国大陆（CONUS）与这些指数相关的时空趋势。平均而言，FFF发生较晚（到世纪 -1 5.4天），LSF发生较早（到世纪 -1 6.9天）， CGS的延长（世纪 -1 12.7天）。年度GDD已增加50°C世纪 -1 。我们还报告了农业带和气候区域的趋势。我们建立了县级农作物产量与农业气候变化之间的关系，发现所有农作物（玉米，大豆，高粱，春小麦，冬小麦和棉花）对延长的CGS均表现出积极的反应，而对GDD的增加则表现出消极的反应。棉。总体而言，我们发现观察到的农业气候变化有利于CONUS的作物产量，尽管某些作物和地区特定例外。

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