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Geologic controls on supercritical geothermal resources above magmatic intrusions

机译:岩浆侵入带上超临界地热资源的地质控制

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摘要

A new and economically attractive type of geothermal resource was recently discovered in the Krafla volcanic system, Iceland, consisting of supercritical water at 450 °C immediately above a 2-km deep magma body. Although utilizing such supercritical resources could multiply power production from geothermal wells, the abundance, location and size of similar resources are undefined. Here we present the first numerical simulations of supercritical geothermal resource formation, showing that they are an integral part of magma-driven geothermal systems. Potentially exploitable resources form in rocks with a brittle–ductile transition temperature higher than 450 °C, such as basalt. Water temperatures and enthalpies can exceed 400 °C and 3 MJ kg−1, depending on host rock permeability. Conventional high-enthalpy resources result from mixing of ascending supercritical and cooler surrounding water. Our models reproduce the measured thermal conditions of the resource discovered at Krafla. Similar resources may be widespread below conventional high-enthalpy geothermal systems.
机译:最近在冰岛的克拉夫拉火山系统中发现了一种新型的,具有经济吸引力的地热资源,该地热资源由温度为450 C的超临界水组成,紧邻2公里深的岩浆体。尽管利用这种超临界资源可以使地热井的发电量成倍增加,但不确定类似资源的丰度,位置和规模。在这里,我们介绍了超临界地热资源形成的第一个数值模拟,表明它们是岩浆驱动的地热系统的组成部分。潜在的可利用资源形成于脆性-韧性转变温度高于450 C的岩石中,例如玄武岩。水温和焓值可能会超过400 C,并且会超过3 MJ kg -1 ,具体取决于基质岩石的渗透率。常规的高焓资源是由上升的超临界和较冷的周围水混合而成的。我们的模型再现了在克拉夫拉发现的资源的测得的热条件。在常规的高焓地热系统之下,类似的资源可能被广泛使用。

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