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Real-time observations of lithium battery reactions—operando neutron diffraction analysis during practical operation

机译:锂电池反应的实时观察-实际操作中的操作中子衍射分析

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摘要

Among the energy storage devices for applications in electric vehicles and stationary uses, lithium batteries typically deliver high performance. However, there is still a missing link between the engineering developments for large-scale batteries and the fundamental science of each battery component. Elucidating reaction mechanisms under practical operation is crucial for future battery technology. Here, we report an operando diffraction technique that uses high-intensity neutrons to detect reactions in non-equilibrium states driven by high-current operation in commercial 18650 cells. The experimental system comprising a time-of-flight diffractometer with automated Rietveld analysis was developed to collect and analyse diffraction data produced by sequential charge and discharge processes. Furthermore, observations under high current drain revealed inhomogeneous reactions, a structural relaxation after discharge, and a shift in the lithium concentration ranges with cycling in the electrode matrix. The technique provides valuable information required for the development of advanced batteries.
机译:在用于电动车辆和固定用途的储能设备中,锂电池通常可提供高性能。但是,大型电池的工程开发与每个电池组件的基础科学之间仍然缺少联系。阐明实际操作下的反应机理对于未来电池技术至关重要。在这里,我们报告一种操作衍射技术,该技术使用高强度中子来检测由商用18650电池中的高电流操作驱动的非平衡状态下的反应。开发了包括飞行时间衍射仪和自动Rietveld分析的实验系统,以收集和分析通过顺序充电和放电过程产生的衍射数据。此外,在高电流消耗下的观察结果表明反应不均匀,放电后结构松弛以及锂浓度随电极基质中的循环而变化。该技术提供了开发高级电池所需的有价值的信息。

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