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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Scientific Reports >A Remember/Know Examination of Free-recall Reveals Dissociative Roles of Item- and Context-Information over Time
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A Remember/Know Examination of Free-recall Reveals Dissociative Roles of Item- and Context-Information over Time

机译：一次回忆/一次回忆的免费回忆揭示了项目和上下文信息随时间的分离作用

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摘要

It is well-established that the ability to freely recall information is driven by the extent to which the context at encoding is reinstated at retrieval. Still, when asked to judge the subjective quality of one’s memories giving Remember/Know (R/K) judgments, people tend to classify a substantial proportion of recalls as being devoid of context. We suggest that R- and K-recalls differ with regard to their reliance on context- and item-information, with R-recalls driven primarily by contextual-information (e.g., associations evoked by the study-items) and K-recalls driven primarily by information pertaining to the items (e.g., semantic information). Memory was tested both immediately after study and in a final free-recall test conducted ~20 minutes after encoding—a timescale which is akin to real-life events. In line with our predictions, as compared to K-recalls, R-recalls show stronger contextual effects, but similarly strong item-related effects over these timescales. Furthermore, drawing on theories regarding the forgetting of item- and contextual information, we hypothesized and found that R- and K-recalls are differentially affected by the passage of time. Our findings provide several converging pieces of evidence for differential roles of item and contextual information in driving recall and thus highlight the need to extend longstanding theories of free-recall to account for cases in which recall relies less on context.
机译：公认的是，自由取回信息的能力由检索时恢复编码上下文的程度来驱动。尽管如此，当被要求判断记忆或主观判断的记忆的主观质量时，人们倾向于将大部分回忆归为缺乏情境。我们建议R和K回忆在依赖上下文和项信息方面有所不同，R回忆主要由上下文信息驱动（例如，学习项目引起的关联），而K回忆则主要由上下文信息驱动通过与项目有关的信息（例如语义信息）。在研究后立即进行记忆测试，并在编码后约20分钟内进行最终的自由召回测试，这与现实生活中的事件类似。与我们的预测相符，与K调用相比，R调用显示出更强的上下文效果，但在这些时间范围内，与项目相关的效果相似。此外，我们基于关于项目和上下文信息遗忘的理论，进行了假设并发现，R和K召回受时间流逝的影响不同。我们的发现为项目和上下文信息在促进召回中的不同作用提供了一些融合的证据，因此强调了需要扩展长期的自由召回理论以解决召回对上下文依赖较少的情况。

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