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Cultural effects on computational metrics of spatial and temporal context

机译:文化对时空语境计算指标的影响

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摘要

The concept of “prediction error” - the difference between what occurred and was expected - is key to understanding the cognitive processes of human decision making. Expectations have to be learned so the concept of prediction error critically depends on context, specifically the temporal context of probabilistically related events and their changes across time (i.e. volatility). While past research suggests context differently affects some cognitive processes in East Asian and Western individuals, it is currently unknown whether this extends to computationally-grounded measures of learning and prediction error. Here we compared Chinese and British nationals in an associative learning task that quantifies behavioural effects of prediction error, and—through a hierarchical Bayesian learning model—also captures how individuals learn about probabilistic relationships and their volatility. For comparison, we also administered a psychophysical task, the tilt illusion, to assess cultural differences in susceptibility to spatial context. We found no cultural differences in the effect of spatial context on perception. In the domain of temporal context there was no effect of culture on sensitivity to prediction error, or learning about volatility, but some suggestion that Chinese individuals may learn more readily about probabilistic relationships.
机译:“预测错误”的概念-发生和预期之间的差异-是理解人类决策的认知过程的关键。必须学习期望,因此预测误差的概念主要取决于上下文,尤其是概率相关事件的时间上下文及其随时间的变化(即波动性)。尽管过去的研究表明,情境对东亚和西方个体的某些认知过程有不同的影响,但目前尚不清楚这是否扩展到以计算机为基础的学习和预测错误度量。在这里,我们在关联学习任务中对中国和英国国民进行了比较,该任务量化了预测误差的行为影响,并且通过分层贝叶斯学习模型,还捕获了个人如何学习概率关系及其波动性。为了进行比较,我们还执行了一项心理物理任务,即“错觉错觉”,以评估在对空间环境敏感度方面的文化差异。我们发现空间背景对感知的影响没有文化差异。在时间范围内,文化对预测误差的敏感性或波动性没有影响,但是有人认为中国人可能会更容易地学习概率关系。

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