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Advances and Environmental Conditions of Spring Migration Phenology of American White Pelicans

机译：美国白鹈鹕春季迁徙物候研究进展及环境条件

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摘要

Spring migration phenology of birds has advanced under warming climate. Migration timing of short-distance migrants is believed to be responsive to environmental changes primarily under exogenous control. However, understanding the ecological causes of the advancement in avian spring migration phenology is still a challenge due to the lack of long-term precise location data. We used 11 years of Global Positioning System relocation data to determine four different migration dates of the annual migration cycle of the American white pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos), a short-distance migrant. We also tested the hypothesis that increases in winter temperature and precipitation on the wintering grounds would advance pelican spring migration. Pelican spring departures and arrivals advanced steadily from 2002 to 2011. Spring departure timing exhibited high repeatability at the upper end of migration timing repeatability reported in literature. However, individual spring departure and arrival dates were not related to winter daily temperature, total winter precipitation, and detrended vegetation green-up dates indexed by the normalized difference vegetation index. Despite high repeatability, the observed between-year variation of spring departure dates was still sufficient for the advancement of spring departure timing.
机译：在变暖的气候下，鸟类的春季迁徙物候趋势有所发展。人们认为，短距离移民的迁徙时间主要是在外源控制下对环境变化作出反应。然而，由于缺乏长期的精确位置数据，了解禽类春季迁徙物候学发展的生态原因仍然是一个挑战。我们使用了11年的全球定位系统迁移数据来确定美国白鹈鹕（Pelecanus erythrorhynchos）（一种短途移民）的年度迁移周期的四个不同的迁移日期。我们还检验了以下假设：冬季温度升高和冬季地面上的降水会促进鹈鹕春季迁徙。鹈鹕的春季出发和到达时间从2002年到2011年稳步增长。春季出发时间在文献中报道的迁徙时间可重复性的高端显示出很高的可重复性。但是，各个春季的出发和到达日期与冬季的每日温度，冬季的总降水量以及由归一化植被指数所指示的去趋势化的植被绿化日期无关。尽管重复性很高，但观察到的春季出发日期的年际变化仍然足以提前春季出发时间。

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