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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Journal of Neurophysiology >Effects of galvanic vestibular stimulation on postural limb reflexes and neurons of spinal postural network
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Effects of galvanic vestibular stimulation on postural limb reflexes and neurons of spinal postural network

机译：电流前庭刺激对姿势肢体反射和脊柱姿势网络神经元的影响。

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Quadrupeds maintain the dorsal side up body orientation due to the activity of the postural control system driven by limb mechanoreceptors. Binaural galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) causes a lateral body sway toward the anode. Previously, we have shown that this new position is actively stabilized, suggesting that GVS changes a set point in the reflex mechanisms controlling body posture. The aim of the present study was to reveal the underlying neuronal mechanisms. Experiments were performed on decerebrate rabbits. The vertebral column was rigidly fixed, whereas hindlimbs were positioned on a platform. Periodic lateral tilts of the platform caused postural limb reflexes (PLRs): activation of extensors in the loaded and flexing limb and a decrease in extensor activity in the opposite (unloaded and extending) limb. Putative spinal interneurons were recorded in segments L4–L5 during PLRs, with and without GVS. We have found that GVS enhanced PLRs on the cathode side and reduced them on the anode side. This asymmetry in PLRs can account for changes in the stabilized body orientation observed in normal rabbits subjected to continuous GVS. Responses to platform tilts (frequency modulation) were observed in 106 spinal neurons, suggesting that they can contribute to PLR generation. Two neuron groups were active in opposite phases of the tilt cycle of the ipsi-limb: F-neurons in the flexion phase, and E-neurons in the extension phase. Neurons were driven mainly by afferent input from the ipsi-limb. If one supposes that F- and E-neurons contribute, respectively, to excitation and inhibition of extensor motoneurons, one can expect that the pattern of response to GVS in F-neurons will be similar to that in extensor muscles, whereas E-neurons will have an opposite pattern. We have found that ∼40% of all modulated neurons meet this condition, suggesting that they contribute to the generation of PLRs and to the GVS-caused changes in PLRs.
机译：由于肢体机械感受器驱动的姿势控制系统的活动，四足动物保持背侧朝上的身体定向。双耳电前庭刺激（GVS）导致侧身向阳极摇摆。以前，我们已经显示了这个新位置的稳定作用，这表明GVS会改变控制身体姿势的反射机制中的设定点。本研究的目的是揭示潜在的神经元机制。实验对无脑兔进行。脊柱被牢固地固定，而后肢位于平台上。平台的周期性侧向倾斜会导致姿势性肢体反射（PLR）：受力和屈曲肢体中伸肌的激活，而相对的（负重和伸展）肢体中伸肌活动性降低。在有和没有GVS的PLR期间，在L4–L5段记录了推定的脊髓中间神经元。我们发现，GVS增强了阴极侧的PLR并减少了阳极侧的PLR。 PLR中的这种不对称性可以解释在接受连续GVS的正常兔子中观察到的稳定体取向的变化。在106个脊髓神经元中观察到了对平台倾斜的响应（频率调制），表明它们可以促进PLR的产生。两个神经元组在ipsi-limb倾斜周期的相反阶段处于活动状态：屈曲阶段的F神经元和伸展阶段的E神经元。神经元主要由ipsi-limb的传入输入驱动。如果假设F和E神经分别对伸肌运动神经元的兴奋和抑制做出贡献，则可以预期F神经对GVS的反应方式与伸肌类似，而E神经将有相反的模式。我们发现，所有调制神经元中约有40％符合此条件，这表明它们有助于PLR的产生以及GVS引起的PLR变化。

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