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Impact of demography on linked selection in two outcrossing Brassicaceae species

机译：人口统计学对两个异缘十字花科物种连锁选择的影响

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Genetic diversity is shaped by mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, recombination, and selection. The dynamics and interactions of these forces shape genetic diversity across different parts of the genome, between populations and species. Here, we have studied the effects of linked selection on nucleotide diversity in outcrossing populations of two Brassicaceae species, Arabidopsis lyrata and Capsella grandiflora, with contrasting demographic history. In agreement with previous estimates, we found evidence for a modest population size expansion thousands of generations ago, as well as efficient purifying selection in C. grandiflora. In contrast, the A. lyrata population exhibited evidence for very recent strong population size decline and weaker efficacy of purifying selection. Using multiple regression analyses with recombination rate and other genomic covariates as explanatory variables, we can explain 47% of the variance in neutral diversity in the C. grandiflora population, while in the A. lyrata population, only 11% of the variance was explained by the model. Recombination rate had a significant positive effect on neutral diversity in both species, suggesting that selection at linked sites has an effect on patterns of neutral variation. In line with this finding, we also found reduced neutral diversity in the vicinity of genes in the C. grandiflora population. However, in A. lyrata no such reduction in diversity was evident, a finding that is consistent with expectations of the impact of a recent bottleneck on patterns of neutral diversity near genes. This study thus empirically demonstrates how differences in demographic history modulate the impact of selection at linked sites in natural populations.
机译：遗传多样性是由突变，遗传漂移，基因流，重组和选择决定的。这些力的动力学和相互作用塑造了基因组不同部分，种群和物种之间的遗传多样性。在这里，我们研究了连锁选择对两个十字花科物种拟南芥和大荚Cap的异交种群中核苷酸多样性的影响，并与人口历史形成了鲜明对比。与先前的估计一致，我们发现了几千代前人口规模适度扩大的证据，以及在桔梗中有效纯化选择的证据。相比之下，A.lyrata种群显示出最近种群数量急剧下降且纯化选择效力较弱的证据。使用重组率和其他基因组协变量作为解释变量的多元回归分析，我们可以解释大花茶种群中47％的中性多样性方差，而在A.lyrata种群中，仅11％的方差可以解释为该模型。重组率对两个物种的中性多样性都有显着的积极影响，这表明在连接位点的选择对中性变化的模式有影响。根据这一发现，我们还发现了桔梗种群基因附近的中性多样性降低。但是，在A.lyrata中没有明显减少这种多样性，这一发现与对最近瓶颈对基因附近中性多样性模式影响的预期相一致。因此，这项研究从经验上证明了人口历史上的差异如何调节自然种群在链接地点的选择的影响。

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