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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Conservation Physiology >Multi-year patterns in testosterone cortisol and corticosterone in baleen from adult males of three whale species
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Multi-year patterns in testosterone cortisol and corticosterone in baleen from adult males of three whale species

机译：三种鲸鱼成年雄性巴里鸡睾丸激素皮质醇和皮质酮的多年变化规律

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Male baleen whales have long been suspected to have annual cycles in testosterone, but due to difficulty in collecting endocrine samples, little direct evidence exists to confirm this hypothesis. Potential influences of stress or adrenal stress hormones (cortisol, corticosterone) on male reproduction have also been difficult to study. Baleen has recently been shown to accumulate steroid hormones during growth, such that a single baleen plate contains a continuous, multi-year retrospective record of the whale’s endocrine history. As a preliminary investigation into potential testosterone cyclicity in male whales and influences of stress, we determined patterns in immunoreactive testosterone, two glucocorticoids (cortisol and corticosterone), and stable-isotope (SI) ratios, across the full length of baleen plates from a bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus), a North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) and a blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus), all adult males. Baleen was subsampled at 2 cm (bowhead, right) or 1 cm (blue) intervals and hormones were extracted from baleen powder with methanol, followed by quantification of all three hormones using enzyme immunoassays validated for baleen extract of these species. Baleen of all three males contained regularly spaced peaks in testosterone content, with number and spacing of testosterone peaks corresponding well to SI data and to species-specific estimates of annual baleen growth rate. Cortisol and corticosterone exhibited some peaks that co-occurred with testosterone peaks, while other glucocorticoid peaks occurred independent of testosterone peaks. The right whale had unusually high glucocorticoids during a period with a known entanglement in fishing gear and a possible disease episode; in the subsequent year, testosterone was unusually low. Further study of baleen testosterone patterns in male whales could help clarify conservation- and management-related questions such as age of sexual maturity, location and season of breeding, and the potential effect of anthropogenic and natural stressors on male testosterone cycles.
机译：长期以来，人们一直怀疑雄性鲸须的睾丸激素具有一年的周期，但是由于很难收集内分泌样品，因此几乎没有直接证据可以证实这一假说。应激或肾上腺应激激素（皮质醇，皮质酮）对男性生殖的潜在影响也很难研究。 Baleen最近被证明在生长过程中会积累类固醇激素，因此单个baleen板包含鲸鱼内分泌史的连续多年回顾性记录。作为对雄鲸中潜在睾丸激素循环和压力影响的初步调查，我们确定了弓形在整个baleen板的全长中的免疫反应性睾丸激素，两种糖皮质激素（皮质醇和皮质酮）和稳定同位素（SI）比的模式。鲸（Balaena mysticetus），北大西洋右鲸（Eubalaena glacialis）和蓝鲸（Balaenoptera musculus），均为成年雄性。以2厘米（弓形，右端）或1厘米（蓝色）的间隔对Baleen进行二次采样，并用甲醇从baleen粉末中提取激素，然后使用针对这些物种的baleen提取物进行验证的酶免疫法对所有三种激素进行定量。所有三只雄性的Baleen的睾丸激素含量均以规则的间隔分布，且睾丸激素峰的数量和间距与SI数据以及特定物种的年Baleen生长速率估算值非常吻合。皮质醇和皮质酮表现出一些与睾丸激素峰同时出现的峰，而其他糖皮质激素峰的发生与睾丸激素峰无关。在已知的渔具纠缠时期和可能的疾病发作期间，右鲸的糖皮质激素异常高。在随后的一年中，睾丸激素异常低。进一步研究雄鲸的baleen睾丸激素模式可能有助于阐明与保护和管理相关的问题，例如性成熟年龄，繁殖地点和繁殖季节，以及人为和自然应激源对雄性睾丸激素循环的潜在影响。

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