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Color inference in visual communication: the meaning of colors in recycling

机译：视觉传达中的色彩推断：色彩在回收中的意义

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摘要

People interpret abstract meanings from colors, which makes color a useful perceptual feature for visual communication. This process is complicated, however, because there is seldom a one-to-one correspondence between colors and meanings. One color can be associated with many different concepts (one-to-many mapping) and many colors can be associated with the same concept (many-to-one mapping). We propose that to interpret color-coding systems, people perform assignment inference to determine how colors map onto concepts. We studied assignment inference in the domain of recycling. Participants saw images of colored but unlabeled bins and were asked to indicate which bins they would use to discard different kinds of recyclables and trash. In Experiment 1, we tested two hypotheses for how people perform assignment inference. The local assignment hypothesis predicts that people simply match objects with their most strongly associated color. The global assignment hypothesis predicts that people also account for the association strengths between all other objects and colors within the scope of the color-coding system. Participants discarded objects in bins that optimized the color-object associations of the entire set, which is consistent with the global assignment hypothesis. This sometimes resulted in discarding objects in bins whose colors were weakly associated with the object, even when there was a stronger associated option available. In Experiment 2, we tested different methods for encoding color-coding systems and found that people were better at assignment inference when color sets simultaneously maximized the association strength between assigned color-object parings while minimizing associations between unassigned pairings. Our study provides an approach for designing intuitive color-coding systems that facilitate communication through visual media such as graphs, maps, signs, and artifacts.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s41235-018-0090-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
机译：人们从颜色中解释抽象含义，这使颜色成为视觉传达中有用的感知功能。但是，此过程很复杂，因为颜色和含义之间几乎没有一对一的对应关系。一种颜色可以与许多不同的概念相关联（一对多映射），而许多颜色可以与同一概念相关联（多对一映射）。我们建议，为了解释颜色编码系统，人们执行分配推断以确定颜色如何映射到概念上。我们研究了回收领域的分配推理。参与者看到了彩色但未贴标签的垃圾箱的图像，并被要求指出他们将使用哪些垃圾箱来丢弃不同种类的可回收物和垃圾。在实验1中，我们测试了两个关于人们如何进行分配推理的假设。局部赋值假设预测人们会简单地将对象与其最紧密相关的颜色进行匹配。全局分配假设预测，人们还会考虑颜色编码系统范围内的所有其他对象和颜色之间的关联强度。参与者将对象丢弃在可优化整个集合的颜色对象关联的垃圾箱中，这与全局分配假设一致。有时这会导致将对象丢弃在颜色与对象关联较弱的垃圾箱中，即使存在更强大的关联选项也是如此。在实验2中，我们测试了用于编码颜色编码系统的不同方法，并发现当颜色集同时最大化分配的颜色对象配对之间的关​​联强度而最小化未分配的配对之间的关​​联时，人们在分配推理方面更胜一筹。我们的研究为设计直观的颜色编码系统提供了一种方法，该系统可通过图形，地图，符号和人工制品等视觉媒体进行交流。电子补充材料本文的在线版本（10.1186 / s41235-018-0090-y）包含补充内容资料，可供授权用户使用。

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