Across Europe, patches of un‐cropped land (field margins, fallows, etc.) have been established and managed as part of agri‐environment schemes (AES) to counteract the decrease in farmland biodiversity. Various studies demonstrate a positive impact of such un‐cropped land on different taxa. However, there is potential to further improve the efficiency of fallow options for farmland birds. In a long‐term monitoring, 12 breeding farmland bird species and sizes of perennial fallows were recorded from 1992 to 2015 in a 6.1 km2 area in Switzerland. Furthermore, habitat composition and fallow characteristics were mapped in 2012. We calculated population trends, analyzed habitat associations and revealed the impact of fallow habitat characteristics on territory density. The proportion of fallows in the study site increased from 1.4% (1992) to 8.5% (2012). Population trends of six of 12 censused species increased significantly over the same time, four species showed no trend and trends of two species decreased. Seven species were analyzed in more detail, for five of them fallows were overrepresented around their territory center points compared to arable fields and grassland. The overall territory density of these five species was higher in small fallows which were not placed next to a wood and which held bramble rubus spp., shrubs and the tall‐growing forb goldenrod (Solidago canadensis and S. gigantea). Our study confirms that perennial fallows are a highly suitable option to support different farmland birds in arable landscapes. Yet, we recommend optimizing fallows through careful site selection and management, such that they are not established on shady locations and are structurally diverse by allowing brambles, shrubs, and tall‐growing forbs to occur. We suggest adapting the Swiss AES in this regard. Biodiversity‐related advisory services available for farmers could increase the probability that fallow options are implemented and managed properly for targeted species.
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机译：在整个欧洲，作为农业环境计划（AES）的一部分，已经建立并管理了未耕种的土地（田间边界，休耕地等），以抵消农田生物多样性的减少。各种研究表明，这些未耕种的土地对不同的分类单元具有积极的影响。但是，有潜力进一步提高农田鸟类休憩选择的效率。在一项长期监测中，从1992年到2015年，在瑞士6.1 km 2 地区记录了12种繁殖农田鸟类种类和多年生休耕大小。此外，在2012年绘制了栖息地组成和休憩特征的地图。我们计算了人口趋势，分析了栖息地的关联性，并揭示了休憩栖息地特征对领土密度的影响。研究场所的休闲比例从1.4％（1992）增加到8.5％（2012）。 12种被普查物种中有6种的种群趋势在同一时间显着增加，其中4种没有趋势，而两种物种的趋势有所下降。对7种物种进行了更详细的分析，与休耕地和草地相比，其中5种休耕地在其领土中心点过分代表。这五个物种的总地域密度在不被放置在木头旁边的小休耕地中更高，这些小休耕地拥有荆棘红景天，灌木和高大的前叉金毛菊（加拿大一枝黄花和S.gigantea）。我们的研究证实，常年休耕是在耕地景观中支持不同农田鸟类的高度合适的选择。但是，我们建议您通过仔细的选址和管理来优化休耕地，以使休耕地不在阴暗的地方，并且通过允许荆棘，灌木和高大的灌木丛出现而在结构上有所不同。我们建议在这方面调整瑞士AES。为农民提供的与生物多样性相关的咨询服务可能会增加针对目标物种实施和管理休耕方案的可能性。
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