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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Ecology and Evolution >Grazing effect on grasslands escalated by abnormal precipitations in Inner Mongolia
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Grazing effect on grasslands escalated by abnormal precipitations in Inner Mongolia

机译：内蒙古异常降水加剧草地放牧效应

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Grazing effects on arid and semi‐arid grasslands can be constrained by aridity. Plant functional groups (PFGs) are the most basic component of community structure (CS) and biodiversity & ecosystem function (BEF). They have been suggested as identity‐dependent in quantifying the response to grazing intensity and drought severity. Here, we examine how the relationships among PFGs, CS, BEF, and grazing intensity are driven by climatic drought. We conducted a manipulative experiment with three grazing intensities in 2012 (nondrought year) and 2013 (drought year). We classified 62 herbaceous plants into four functional groups based on their life forms. We used the relative species abundance of PFGs to quantify the effects of grazing and drought, and to explore the mechanisms for the pathway correlations using structural equation models (SEM) among PFGs, CS, and BEF directly or indirectly. Grazers consistently favored the perennial forbs (e.g., palatable or nutritious plants), decreasing the plants’ relative abundance by 23%–38%. Drought decreased the relative abundance of ephemeral plants by 42 ± 13%; and increased perennial forbs by 20 ± 7% and graminoids by 80 ± 31%. SEM confirmed that annuals and biennials had negative correlations with the other three PFGs, with perennial bunchgrasses facilitated by perennial rhizome grass. Moreover, the contributions of grazing to community structure (i.e., canopy height) were 1.6–6.1 times those from drought, whereas drought effect on community species richness was 3.6 times of the grazing treatment. Lastly, the interactive effects of grazing and drought on BEF were greater than either alone; particularly, drought escalated grazing damage on primary production. Synthesis. The responses of PFGs, CS, and BEF to grazing and drought were identity‐dependent, suggesting that grazing and drought regulation of plant functional groups might be a way to shape ecosystem structure and function in grasslands.
机译：干旱可能会限制对干旱和半干旱草原的放牧影响。植物功能组（PFG）是社区结构（CS）和生物多样性与生态系统功能（BEF）的最基本组成部分。在量化对放牧强度和干旱严重程度的响应时，已建议使用它们作为身份依赖。在这里，我们研究了气候干旱如何驱动PFG，CS，BEF和放牧强度之间的关系。我们在2012年（非干旱年份）和2013年（干旱年份）以三种放牧强度进行了操纵实​​验。我们根据其生命形式将62种草本植物分为四个功能组。我们使用PFG的相对物种丰富度来量化放牧和干旱的影响，并使用结构方程模型（SEM）直接或间接地在PFG，CS和BEF之间探索途径相关的机制。 Grazers始终青睐多年生的禁果（例如，可口或营养丰富的植物），使植物的相对丰度降低了23％–38％。干旱使短暂植物的相对丰度降低了42±13％;多年生杂草增加20±7％，类固醇增加80±31％。 SEM证实，一年生植物和两年生植物与其他三个PFG呈负相关，多年生根茎草促进了多年生束草。此外，放牧对群落结构的贡献（即冠层高度）是干旱的1.6-6.1倍，而干旱对群落物种丰富度的影响是放牧处理的3.6倍。最后，放牧和干旱对BEF的交互作用大于任何一个。特别是干旱加剧了对初级生产的放牧破坏。合成。 PFG，CS和BEF对放牧和干旱的响应取决于身份，这表明放牧和干旱调节植物功能群可能是塑造草原生态系统结构和功能的一种方式。

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