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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Genome Biology and Evolution >An Ancient Transkingdom Horizontal Transfer of Penelope-Like Retroelements from Arthropods to Conifers
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An Ancient Transkingdom Horizontal Transfer of Penelope-Like Retroelements from Arthropods to Conifers

机译：象佩内洛普样的复古元素从节肢动物到针叶树的古代变态水平转移

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Comparative genomics analyses empowered by the wealth of sequenced genomes have revealed numerous instances of horizontal DNA transfers between distantly related species. In eukaryotes, repetitive DNA sequences known as transposable elements (TEs) are especially prone to move across species boundaries. Such horizontal transposon transfers, or HTTs, are relatively common within major eukaryotic kingdoms, including animals, plants, and fungi, while rarely occurring across these kingdoms. Here, we describe the first case of HTT from animals to plants, involving TEs known as Penelope-like elements, or PLEs, a group of retrotransposons closely related to eukaryotic telomerases. Using a combination of in situ hybridization on chromosomes, polymerase chain reaction experiments, and computational analyses we show that the predominant PLE lineage, EN(+)PLEs, is highly diversified in loblolly pine and other conifers, but appears to be absent in other gymnosperms. Phylogenetic analyses of both protein and DNA sequences reveal that conifers EN(+)PLEs, or Dryads, form a monophyletic group clustering within a clade of primarily arthropod elements. Additionally, no EN(+)PLEs were detected in 1,928 genome assemblies from 1,029 nonmetazoan and nonconifer genomes from 14 major eukaryotic lineages. These findings indicate that Dryads emerged following an ancient horizontal transfer of EN(+)PLEs from arthropods to a common ancestor of conifers approximately 340 Ma. This represents one of the oldest known interspecific transmissions of TEs, and the most conspicuous case of DNA transfer between animals and plants.
机译：由丰富的测序基因组支持的比较基因组学分析揭示了许多远缘物种之间水平DNA转移的例子。在真核生物中，称为转座因子（TEs）的重复DNA序列尤其容易跨物种边界移动。这种水平转座子转移或HTT在包括动物，植物和真菌在内的主要真核生物王国中相对普遍，而在这些王国中很少发生。在这里，我们描述了从动物到植物的HTT的第一种情况，涉及称为Penelope样元件或PLEs的TE，一组与真核端粒酶密切相关的逆转座子。使用染色体上的原位杂交，聚合酶链反应实验和计算分析的组合，我们显示主要的PLE谱系EN（+）PLEs在火炬松和其他针叶树中高度多样化，但在其他裸子植物中似乎不存在。对蛋白质和DNA序列的系统进化分析表明，针叶树EN（+）PLEs或树妖形成主要在节肢动物元素群内的单一系统群。此外，在来自14个主要真核谱系的1,029个非metazoan和非针叶树基因组的1,928个基因组程序中未检测到EN（+）PLE。这些发现表明，树突生物是在EN（+）PLE从节肢动物向针叶树的共同祖先的古代水平转移之后出现的。这代表了TEs最古老的种间传递之一，也是动植物之间DNA转移最明显的情况。

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