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Genomewide evidence of environmentally mediated secondary contact of European green crab (Carcinus maenas) lineages in eastern North America

机译:全基因组证据表明北美东部欧洲青蟹(Carcinus maenas)血统世代环境接触

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摘要

Genetic‐environment associations are increasingly revealed through population genomic data and can occur through a number of processes, including secondary contact, divergent natural selection, or isolation by distance. Here, we investigate the influence of the environment, including seasonal temperature and salinity, on the population structure of the invasive European green crab (Carcinus maenas) in eastern North America. Green crab populations in eastern North America are associated with two independent invasions, previously shown to consist of distinct northern and southern ecotypes, with a contact zone in southern Nova Scotia, Canada. Using a RAD‐seq panel of 9,137 genomewide SNPs, we detected 41 SNPs (0.49%) whose allele frequencies were highly correlated with environmental data. A principal components analysis of 25 environmental variables differentiated populations into northern, southern, and admixed sites in concordance with the observed genomic spatial structure. Furthermore, a spatial principal components analysis conducted on genomic and geographic data revealed a high degree of global structure (p < .0001) partitioning a northern and southern ecotype. Redundancy and partial redundancy analyses revealed that among the environmental variables tested, winter sea surface temperature had the strongest association with spatial structuring, suggesting that it is an important factor defining range and expansion limits of each ecotype. Understanding environmental thresholds associated with intraspecific diversity will facilitate the ability to manage current and predict future distributions of this aquatic invasive species.
机译:遗传与环境之间的联系通过种群基因组数据越来越多地揭示出来,并且可以通过许多过程发生,包括二次接触,自然选择不同或距离隔离。在这里,我们调查了包括季节性温度和盐度在内的环境对北美东部入侵欧洲绿蟹(Carcinus maenas)种群结构的影响。北美东部的绿蟹种群与两次独立入侵有关,先前已证明是由北部和南部的独特生态型组成,在加拿大新斯科舍省南部具有接触区。使用RAD-seq小组的9137个全基因组SNP,我们检测到41个SNP(0.49%),其等位基因频率与环境数据高度相关。根据观察到的基因组空间结构,对25个环境变量的主成分分析将种群分为北部,南部和混合地点。此外,对基因组和地理数据进行的空间主成分分析显示,高度的全球结构(p <.0001)划分了北部和南部的生态型。冗余度和部分冗余度分析表明,在测试的环境变量中,冬季海表温度与空间结构之间的关联最强,这表明它是定义每种生态型的范围和扩展极限的重要因素。了解与种内多样性有关的环境阈值将有助于管理这种水生入侵物种的当前能力并预测其未来分布。

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