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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Ecology and Evolution >Hidden endemism deep polyphyly and repeated dispersal across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec: Diversification of the White‐collared Seedeater complex (Thraupidae: Sporophila torqueola)
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Hidden endemism deep polyphyly and repeated dispersal across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec: Diversification of the White‐collared Seedeater complex (Thraupidae: Sporophila torqueola)

机译：隐藏的特有病深厚的多重性和在特胡安特佩克地峡中的反复扩散：白领种食者复合体的多样化（Thupupidae：Sporophilatorola）

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摘要

Phenotypic and genetic variation are present in all species, but lineages differ in how variation is partitioned among populations. Examining phenotypic clustering and genetic structure within a phylogeographic framework can clarify which biological processes have contributed to extant biodiversity in a given lineage. Here, we investigate genetic and phenotypic variation among populations and subspecies within a Neotropical songbird complex, the White‐collared Seedeater (Sporophila torqueola) of Central America and Mexico. We combine measurements of morphology and plumage patterning with thousands of nuclear loci derived from ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and mitochondrial DNA to evaluate population differentiation. We find deep levels of molecular divergence between two S. torqueola lineages that are phenotypically diagnosable: One corresponds to S. t. torqueola along the Pacific coast of Mexico, and the other includes S. t. morelleti and S. t. sharpei from the Gulf Coast of Mexico and Central America. Surprisingly, these two lineages are strongly differentiated in both nuclear and mitochondrial markers, and each is more closely related to other Sporophila species than to one another. We infer low levels of gene flow between these two groups based on demographic models, suggesting multiple independent evolutionary lineages within S. torqueola have been obscured by coarse‐scale similarity in plumage patterning. These findings improve our understanding of the biogeographic history of this lineage, which includes multiple dispersal events out of South America and across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec into Mesoamerica. Finally, the phenotypic and genetic distinctiveness of the range‐restricted S. t. torqueola highlights the Pacific Coast of Mexico as an important region of endemism and conservation priority.
机译：表型和遗传变异都存在于所有物种中，但是沿袭在种群之间如何分配变异方面存在差异。在系统学框架内检查表型聚类和遗传结构可以阐明哪些生物过程对给定谱系中的现存生物多样性做出了贡献。在这里，我们调查了新热带鸣禽复合体（中美洲和墨西哥的白领Seedeater（Sporophilatorola））内种群和亚种之间的遗传和表型变异。我们将形态学和羽毛模式的测量与成千上万个来自超保守元素（UCEs）和线粒体DNA的核基因座相结合，以评估种群分化。我们发现两个S.torqueola谱系之间在表型上可诊断的深层分子分歧：一个对应于S.t.墨西哥太平洋沿岸的torstorola，其他包括S.t.莫雷蒂（Morelleti）和S.t.来自墨西哥墨西哥湾沿岸和中美洲的沙皮鱼。出乎意料的是，这两个谱系在核和线粒体标志物上都有很大的区别，并且每个与其他孢子菌物种之间的亲缘关系都比彼此更紧密。我们根据人口统计学模型推断两组之间的基因流动水平较低，这表明Torqueola内的多个独立进化谱系已被羽毛图案的粗略相似性所掩盖。这些发现提高了我们对这一谱系生物地理历史的理解，其中包括从南美到整个蒂万特佩克地峡到中美洲的多次扩散事件。最后，范围受限的S.t.的表型和遗传特征。 Torstorola强调墨西哥太平洋海岸是地方病和保护重点的重要地区。

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