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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>MicrobiologyOpen >Farm level survey of spore‐forming bacteria on four dairy farms in the Waikato region of New Zealand
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Farm level survey of spore‐forming bacteria on four dairy farms in the Waikato region of New Zealand

机译：新西兰怀卡托地区四个奶牛场的产孢菌水平的农场调查

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The aim of our study was to determine the occurrence and diversity of economically important spore‐forming bacteria in New Zealand dairy farm systems. Farm dairy effluent (FDE) collected from Waikato dairy farms were tested for the presence of spore‐forming bacteria, using a new culture‐based methodology followed by genomic analysis. An enrichment step in which samples were inoculated in cooked meat glucose starch broth under anaerobic conditions, aided in the differential isolation of Bacillus and Clostridium species. Furthermore, the use of molecular methods such as ERIC genotyping, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified different spore‐forming bacteria present in FDE. C. sporogenes signature PCR gave further information on the phylogenetic relationship of the different Clostridium spp. isolated in this study. In total 19 Bacillus spp., 5 Paenibacillus spp. and 17 Clostridium spp. were isolated from farm dairy effluent. Sequence types similar to economically important food spoilage bacteria viz: C. butyricum, C. sporogenes and members of the Paenibacillus Genus were isolated from all four farms, whereas, sequence types similar to potential toxigenic, B. cereus, C. perfringens, C. butyricum, and C. botulinum were found on at least three of the farms. Sampling of farm dairy effluent provides a good indicator of farm level prevalence of bacterial load as it is used to irrigate dairy pasture in New Zealand. This study highlights the presence of various spore‐forming bacteria in dairy waste water and indicates the implementation of good hygienic farm practices and dairy waste effluent management.
机译：我们研究的目的是确定新西兰奶牛场系统中具有重要经济意义的芽孢形成细菌的发生和多样性。使用基于培养的新方法进行基因组分析，测试了从怀卡托（Waikato）奶牛场收集的奶牛场流出物（FDE），以检查是否存在形成孢子的细菌。在厌氧条件下，将样品接种到熟肉葡萄糖淀粉肉汤中的富集步骤，有助于芽孢杆菌和梭状芽胞杆菌物种的差异分离。此外，通过使用分子方法（如ERIC基因分型，16S rRNA基因序列分析），发现了FDE中存在不同的孢子形成细菌。 C.sporogenes签名PCR提供了有关不同梭状芽孢杆菌属的系统发育关系的进一步信息。本研究隔离。总共有19个芽孢杆菌属，5个芽孢杆菌属。和17个梭菌属。从农场乳制品废水中分离出来。类似于经济上重要的食物腐败细菌的序列类型，即：丁酸梭状芽孢杆菌，孢子菌和Paenibacillus属的成员均来自所有四个农场，而类似于潜在的产毒杆菌，蜡状芽孢杆菌，产气荚膜芽孢杆菌，C。在至少三个农场中发现了丁酸和肉毒梭菌。农场乳制品废水的采样提供了一个很好的指标，表明该水平用于灌溉新西兰的牧草牧场，是细菌含量在农场水平上的普遍性。这项研究强调了乳制品废水中各种孢子形成细菌的存在，并指出了良好的卫生农场规范和乳制品废液管理的实施。

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