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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Ecology and Evolution >Microbial community responses to soil tillage and crop rotation in a corn/soybean agroecosystem
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Microbial community responses to soil tillage and crop rotation in a corn/soybean agroecosystem

机译：玉米/大豆农业生态系统中微生物群落对土壤耕作和作物轮作的响应

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摘要

The acreage planted in corn and soybean crops is vast, and these crops contribute substantially to the world economy. The agricultural practices employed for farming these crops have major effects on ecosystem health at a worldwide scale. The microbial communities living in agricultural soils significantly contribute to nutrient uptake and cycling and can have both positive and negative impacts on the crops growing with them. In this study, we examined the impact of the crop planted and soil tillage on nutrient levels, microbial communities, and the biochemical pathways present in the soil. We found that farming practice, that is conventional tillage versus no‐till, had a much greater impact on nearly everything measured compared to the crop planted. No‐till fields tended to have higher nutrient levels and distinct microbial communities. Moreover, no‐till fields had more DNA sequences associated with key nitrogen cycle processes, suggesting that the microbial communities were more active in cycling nitrogen. Our results indicate that tilling of agricultural soil may magnify the degree of nutrient waste and runoff by altering nutrient cycles through changes to microbial communities. Currently, a minority of acreage is maintained without tillage despite clear benefits to soil nutrient levels, and a decrease in nutrient runoff—both of which have ecosystem‐level effects and both direct and indirect effects on humans and other organisms.
机译：玉米和大豆作物的播种面积很大，这些作物为世界经济做出了巨大贡献。在全球范围内，用于种植这些作物的农业实践对生态系统健康产生重大影响。生活在农业土壤中的微生物群落极大地促进了养分的吸收和循环，并可能对随之生长的农作物产生积极和消极的影响。在这项研究中，我们研究了作物和耕作对土壤中养分含量，微生物群落和生化途径的影响。我们发现，与种植的农作物相比，传统的耕作与免耕耕作的耕作方式对几乎所有衡量指标的影响都大得多。免耕田的养分含量较高且微生物群落独特。此外，免耕田地的DNA序列与关键的氮循环过程有关，这表明微生物群落在循环氮中的活性更高。我们的结果表明，耕作土壤可通过改变微生物群落来改变养分循环，从而扩大养分浪费和径流的程度。当前，尽管对土壤养分水平有明显的好处，养分流失却有所减少，养分流失却很少，但养分径流却减少了，这两者对生态系统都有影响，对人类和其他生物都有直接和间接的影响。

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