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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Ecology and Evolution >Climate of origin affects tick (Ixodes ricinus) host-seeking behavior in response to temperature: implications for resilience to climate change?
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Climate of origin affects tick (Ixodes ricinus) host-seeking behavior in response to temperature: implications for resilience to climate change?

机译：起源的气候会影响温度响应的tick（Ixodes ricinus）寄主寻求行为：对气候变化适应力的影响吗？

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摘要

Climate warming is changing distributions and phenologies of many organisms and may also impact on vectors of disease-causing pathogens. In Europe, the tick Ixodes ricinus is the primary vector of medically important pathogens (e.g., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis). How might climate change affect I. ricinus host-seeking behavior (questing)? We hypothesize that, in order to maximize survival, I. ricinus have adapted their questing in response to temperature in accordance with local climates. We predicted that ticks from cooler climates quest at cooler temperatures than those from warmer climates. This would suggest that I. ricinus can adapt and therefore have the potential to be resilient to climate change. I. ricinus were collected from a cline of climates using a latitudinal gradient (northeast Scotland, North Wales, South England, and central France). Under laboratory conditions, ticks were subjected to temperature increases of 1°C per day, from 6 to 15°C. The proportion of ticks questing was recorded five times per temperature (i.e., per day). The theoretical potential to quest was then estimated for each population over the year for future climate change projections. As predicted, more ticks from cooler climates quested at lower temperatures than did ticks from warmer climates. The proportion of ticks questing was strongly associated with key climate parameters from each location. Our projections, based on temperature alone, suggested that populations could advance their activity season by a month under climate change, which has implications for exposure periods of hosts to tick-borne pathogens. Our findings suggest that I. ricinus have adapted their behavior in response to climate, implying some potential to adapt to climate change. Predictive models of I. ricinus dynamics and disease risk over continental scales would benefit from knowledge of these differences between populations.
机译：气候变暖正在改变许多生物的分布和物候，也可能影响致病病原体的媒介。在欧洲，the虱（Ixodes ricinus）是医学上重要病原体的主要载体（例如，莱姆氏疏螺旋体的病原体伯氏疏螺旋体（Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato）。气候变化将如何影响蓖麻子寄主寻求行为（询问）？我们假设，为了使生存最大化，蓖麻（I.ricinus）已经根据当地气候对温度做出了相应调整。我们预测，来自凉爽气候的tick虫要比来自温暖气候的温度更低。这表明蓖麻一生可以适应气候变化，因此具有应对气候变化的潜力。 I.ricinus是使用纬度梯度（东北苏格兰，北威尔士，南英格兰和法国中部）从气候变化系中收集的。在实验室条件下，tick虫每天要从6℃升高到15℃，温度升高1℃。每个温度（即每天）记录五次s问的比例。然后，针对未来的气候变化预测，在一年中为每个人口估计了理论上的探索潜力。正如预测的那样，在较低的温度下，较凉的气候要比在较温暖的气候下的要多。 tick问的比例与每个地点的关键气候参数密切相关。我们仅基于温度的预测表明，在气候变化下，种群的活动季节可以提前一个月，这对宿主传播hosts传播病原体的时间有影响。我们的发现表明，蓖麻（I.ricinus）已经适应了气候变化，从而适应了气候变化。洲际范围内蓖麻动态和疾病风险的预测模型将受益于种群之间这些差异的知识。

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