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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Ecology and Evolution >Identifying freshwater mussels (Unionoida) and parasitic glochidia larvae from host fish gills: a molecular key to the North and Central European species
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Identifying freshwater mussels (Unionoida) and parasitic glochidia larvae from host fish gills: a molecular key to the North and Central European species

机译：从寄主鱼g中鉴别淡水贻贝（Unionoida）和寄生的球囊幼虫：北欧和中欧物种的分子关键

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摘要

Freshwater mussels (order Unionoida) represent one of the most severely endangered groups of animals due to habitat destruction, introduction of nonnative species, and loss of host fishes, which their larvae (glochidia) are obligate parasites on. Conservation efforts such as habitat restoration or restocking of host populations are currently hampered by difficulties in unionoid species identification by morphological means. Here we present the first complete molecular identification key for all seven indigenous North and Central European unionoid species and the nonnative Sinanodonta woodiana, facilitating quick, low-cost, and reliable identification of adult and larval specimens. Application of this restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) key resulted in 100% accurate assignment of 90 adult specimens from across the region by digestion of partial ITS-1 (where ITS is internal transcribed spacer) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products in two to four single digestions with five restriction endonucleases. In addition, we provide protocols for quick and reliable extraction and amplification of larval mussel DNA from complete host fish gill arches. Our results indicate that this new method can be applied on infection rates as low as three glochidia per gill arch and enables, for the first time, comprehensive, large-scale assessments of the relative importance of different host species for given unionoid populations.
机译：由于栖息地遭到破坏，外来物种的引进以及寄主鱼的丧失，淡水贻贝（Unionoida）是最严重濒危动物之一，它们的幼虫（glochidia）是其专性寄生虫。目前，由于形态学方法难以识别类胶体物种，因此难以进行保护工作，例如恢复生境或重新安置寄主种群。在这里，我们介绍了对所有七个北欧和中欧原生动物物种和非原生种Sinanodonta woodiana的第一个完整的分子鉴定钥匙，这有助于快速，低成本和可靠地鉴定成年和幼虫标本。通过限制部分ITS-1（其中ITS是内部转录间隔子）聚合酶链反应（PCR）产物的消化，可将限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）关键字的应用通过该区域100％准确分配整个区域的90个成年标本。用五个限制性核酸内切酶进行四个单次消化。此外，我们提供了从完整寄主鱼g拱中快速可靠提取和扩增幼体贻贝DNA的方案。我们的结果表明，这种新方法可用于低至每个g弓三个小球虫的感染率，并首次实现了针对给定的类oid体种群的不同寄主物种相对重要性的全面，大规模评估。

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