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Cellular-V2X Communications for Platooning: Design and Evaluation

机译：用于Platooning的Cellular-V2X通信：设计和评估

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Platooning is a cooperative driving application where autonomous/semi-autonomous vehicles move on the same lane in a train-like manner, keeping a small constant inter-vehicle distance, in order to reduce fuel consumption and gas emissions and to achieve safe and efficient transport. To this aim, they may exploit multiple on-board sensors (e.g., radars, LiDARs, positioning systems) and direct vehicle-to-vehicle communications to synchronize their manoeuvres. The main objective of this paper is to discuss the design choices and factors that determine the performance of a platooning application, when exploiting the emerging cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) communication technology and considering the scheduled mode, specified by 3GPP for communications over the sidelink assisted by the eNodeB. Since no resource management algorithm is currently mandated by 3GPP for this new challenging context, we focus on analyzing the feasibility and performance of the dynamic scheduling approach, with platoon members asking for radio resources on a per-packet basis. We consider two ways of implementing dynamic scheduling, currently unspecified by 3GPP: the sequential mode, that is somehow reminiscent of time division multiple access solutions based on IEEE 802.11p—till now the only investigated access technology for platooning—and the simultaneous mode with spatial frequency reuse enabled by the eNodeB. The evaluation conducted through system-level simulations provides helpful insights about the proposed configurations and C-V2X parameter settings that mainly affect the reliability and latency performance of data exchange in platoons, under different load settings. Achieved results show that the proposed simultaneous mode succeeds in reducing the latency in the update cycle in each vehicle’s controller, thus enabling future high-density platooning scenarios.
机译：排是一种协作驾驶应用，其中自动/半自动车辆以类似火车的方式在同一车道上行驶，保持较小的恒定车距，以减少油耗和气体排放并实现安全有效的运输。为此，他们可以利用多个车载传感器（例如，雷达，LiDAR，定位系统），并直接进行车辆与车辆的通信以同步其操作。本文的主要目的是，在利用新兴的蜂窝车对所有（C-V2X）通信技术并考虑3GPP规定的调度模式时，讨论决定排应用性能的设计选择和因素。 eNodeB协助通过侧链进行通信。由于3GPP目前没有针对这种新的挑战性环境强制要求资源管理算法，因此我们将重点放在分析动态调度方法的可行性和性能上，而排成员则逐个分组地请求无线电资源。我们考虑了3GPP当前未指定的两种实现动态调度的方法：顺序模式，这在某种程度上让人联想到基于IEEE 802.11p的时分多址解决方案（这是迄今为止唯一研究的用于排的访问技术）以及空间同步模式eNodeB启用的频率复用。通过系统级仿真进行的评估提供了有关建议配置和C-V2X参数设置的有用见解，这些配置和C-V2X参数设置主要影响在不同负载设置下排中数据交换的可靠性和延迟性能。取得的成果表明，所提出的同步模式成功地减少了每辆车控制器中更新周期的延迟，从而实现了未来的高密度排班方案。

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