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The Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm matrix and cells are drastically impacted by gas discharge plasma treatment: A comprehensive model explaining plasma-mediated biofilm eradication

机译：铜绿假单胞菌生物膜基质和细胞受气体放电等离子体处理的严重影响：解释血浆介导的生物膜根除的综合模型

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Biofilms are microbial communities encased in a protective matrix composed of exopolymeric substances including exopolysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and extracellular DNA. Biofilms cause undesirable effects such as biofouling, equipment damage, prostheses colonization, and disease. Biofilms are also more resilient than free-living cells to regular decontamination methods and therefore, alternative methods are needed to eradicate them. The use of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasmas is a good alternative as plasmas contain reactive species, free radicals, and UV photons well-known for their decontamination potential against free microorganisms. Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms colonize catheters, indwelling devices, and prostheses. Plasma effects on cell viability have been previously documented for P. aeruginosa biofilms. Nonetheless, the effect of plasma on the biofilm matrix has received less attention and there is little evidence regarding the changes the matrix undergoes. The aim of this work was to study the effect plasma exerts mostly on the P. aeruginosa biofilm matrix and to expand the existing knowledge about its effect on sessile cells in order to achieve a better understanding of the mechanism/s underlying plasma-mediated biofilm inactivation. We report a reduction in the amount of the biofilm matrix, the loss of its tridimensional structure, and morphological changes in sessile cells at long exposure times. We show chemical and structural changes on the biofilm matrix (mostly on carbohydrates and eDNA) and cells (mostly on proteins and lipids) that are more profound with longer plasma exposure times. We also demonstrate the presence of lipid oxidation products confirming cell membrane lipid peroxidation as plasma exposure time increases. To our knowledge this is the first report providing detailed evidence of the variety of chemical and structural changes that occur mostly on the biofilm matrix and sessile cells as a consequence of the plasma treatment. Based on our results, we propose a comprehensive model explaining plasma-mediated biofilm inactivation.
机译：生物膜是包裹在保护性基质中的微生物群落，保护性基质是由胞外物质（包括胞外多糖，蛋白质，脂质和细胞外DNA）组成的。生物膜会造成不良影响，例如生物污染，设备损坏，假体定植和疾病。生物膜对常规去污方法的作用还比自由细胞强，因此，需要其他方法来根除它们。使用非热大气压等离子体是一种很好的选择，因为等离子体包含反应性物质，自由基和紫外线光子，这些物质以其对游离微生物的去污潜能而闻名。铜绿假单胞菌生物膜定植在导管，留置装置和假体上。先前已经记录了铜绿假单胞菌生物膜对细胞活力的血浆影响。然而，血浆对生物膜基质的影响受到的关注较少，并且关于基质经历的变化的证据很少。这项工作的目的是研究血浆主要作用于铜绿假单胞菌生物膜基质上的作用，并扩大其对无柄细胞作用的现有知识，以便更好地了解血浆介导的生物膜失活的机制。 。我们报告减少了生物膜基质的数量，减少了其三维结构的损失，以及在长时间暴露下无柄细胞的形态变化。我们显示出生物膜基质（主要在碳水化合物和eDNA上）和细胞（主要在蛋白质和脂质上）的化学和结构变化随着血浆暴露时间的延长而更加深刻。我们还证明了脂质氧化产物的存在，随着血浆暴露时间的增加，证实了细胞膜脂质过氧化。据我们所知，这是第一份报告，提供了详细的证据，表明由于等离子体处理，化学和结构变化主要发生在生物膜基质和无核细胞上。根据我们的结果，我们提出了一个解释血浆介导的生物膜失活的综合模型。

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