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Hepatitis A Virus and Hepatitis E Virus: Emerging and Re-Emerging Enterically Transmitted Hepatitis Viruses

机译：甲型肝炎病毒和戊型肝炎病毒：新出现和重新出现的肠道传播性肝炎病毒

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摘要

Over the past two decades, progress in understanding human infections with hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) has been eclipsed by the priority of combating persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. During that time, the global burden of liver disease caused by enteric hepatitis viruses has not abated. Because of vaccines, hepatitis A has become increasingly a disease of adults instead of early childhood in many regions of the world, resulting in an age-related shift toward more severe disease. HEV has remained endemic in many developing countries, and in well-developed, economically advanced countries it is now recognized as a cause of chronic, progressive liver disease in individuals with compromised immunity. The goal of this collection of articles is to review recent progress and to shine a bright light on gaps in our understanding of how these viruses replicate, cause disease, interact with the liver and host immune system, and are transmitted, along with prospects for improved control in human populations. Renewed efforts to study and compare HAV and HEV biology in humans and animal models have high potential to enhance our understanding of host–pathogen balance in the liver, and may contribute ultimately to the control of other infectious diseases of the liver.
机译：在过去的二十年中，对抗人类持续感染的乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）和丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）的优先考虑使人们对人类感染甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）和戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）的理解的进展黯然失色。在此期间，由肠肝炎病毒引起的全球肝脏疾病负担并未减轻。由于使用了疫苗，在世界许多地区，甲型肝炎已越来越成为成年人的疾病，而不是儿童早期的疾病，导致与年龄有关的疾病向更严重的疾病转变。 HEV在许多发展中国家仍是地方性流行病，在发达的，经济发达的国家中，现在已被认为是免疫力低下的人慢性，进行性肝病的病因。本系列文章的目的是回顾最近的进展，并就我们对这些病毒如何复制，引起疾病，与肝脏和宿主免疫系统相互作用以及如何传播以及如何改善的认识的理解提供空白。控制人口。在人类和动物模型中重新研究和比较HAV和HEV生物学的新努力具有增强我们对肝脏中宿主-病原体平衡的理解的巨大潜力，并且最终可能有助于控制其他肝脏传染病。

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