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40 years of the human T-cell leukemia virus: past present and future

机译：人类T细胞白血病病毒的40年：过去现在和未来

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It has been nearly 40 years since human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1), the first oncogenic retrovirus in humans and the first demonstrable cause of cancer by an infectious agent, was discovered. Studies indicate that HTLV-1 is arguably one of the most carcinogenic agents to humans. In addition, HTLV-1 causes a diverse array of diseases, including myelopathy and immunodeficiency, which cause morbidity and mortality to many people in the world, including the indigenous population in Australia, a fact that was emphasized only recently. HTLV-1 can be transmitted by infected lymphocytes, from mother to child via breast feeding, by sex, by blood transfusion, and by organ transplant. Therefore, the prevention of HTLV-1 infection is possible but such action has been taken in only a limited part of the world. However, until now it has not been listed by the World Health Organization as a sexually transmitted organism nor, oddly, recognized as an oncogenic virus by the recent list of the National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health. Such underestimation of HTLV-1 by health agencies has led to a remarkable lack of funding supporting research and development of treatments and vaccines, causing HTLV-1 to remain a global threat. Nonetheless, there are emerging novel therapeutic and prevention strategies which will help people who have diseases caused by HTLV-1. In this review, we present a brief historic overview of the key events in HTLV-1 research, including its pivotal role in generating ideas of a retrovirus cause of AIDS and in several essential technologies applicable to the discovery of HIV and the unraveling of its genes and their function. This is followed by the status of HTLV-1 research and the preventive and therapeutic developments of today. We also discuss pending issues and remaining challenges to enable the eradication of HTLV-1 in the future.
机译：自发现人类T细胞白血病病毒1（HTLV-1）（人类中第一种致癌逆转录病毒和第一种可证明由传染源致癌的原因）以来，已经过去了40年。研究表明，HTLV-1可以说是对人类最致癌的物质之一。此外，HTLV-1引起多种疾病，包括脊髓病和免疫缺陷，这些疾病导致世界上许多人（​​包括澳大利亚的土著人口）发病和死亡，这一事实直到最近才得到强调。 HTLV-1可以被感染的淋巴细胞通过母乳喂养，通过性别，通过输血和通过器官移植从母婴传播。因此，预防HTLV-1感染是可能的，但是仅在世界上有限的地方采取了这种行动。但是，到目前为止，它尚未被世界卫生组织列为性传播生物，也没有被美国国家癌症研究所/国家卫生研究所的最新名单列为致癌病毒。卫生机构对HTLV-1的这种低估导致导致缺乏足够的资金来支持治疗和疫苗的研发，从而导致HTLV-1仍然是全球性的威胁。但是，出现了新兴的治疗和预防策略，这些策略将帮助患有由HTLV-1引起的疾病的人。在这篇综述中，我们对HTLV-1研究中的关键事件进行了简要的历史概述，包括其在产生艾滋病逆转录病毒病因的思想以及适用于发现HIV及其基因的几种重要技术中的关键作用及其功能。其次是HTLV-1研究的现状以及当今的预防和治疗发展。我们还将讨论悬而未决的问题和仍然存在的挑战，以便将来能够消除HTLV-1。

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