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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Frontiers in Psychiatry >How Do Legal Experts Cope With Medical Reports and Forensic Evidence? The Experiences Perceptions and Narratives of Swiss Judges and Other Legal Experts
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How Do Legal Experts Cope With Medical Reports and Forensic Evidence? The Experiences Perceptions and Narratives of Swiss Judges and Other Legal Experts

机译：法律专家如何处理医疗报告和法医证据？瑞士法官和其他法律专家的经验看法和叙述

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Expert scientific knowledge, including medical knowledge, is relevant for the legal profession and can strongly influence rulings and sentencing in criminal law, civil law, and insurance law. The way in which this medical evidence is understood and evaluated thus has an impact both on individuals and on society as a whole. It enters legal procedures in various forms, for example, as expert witness statements and/or as a legal expert's own acquired medical knowledge. On the other hand, a legal expert may be confronted with expert medical opinions that differ in quality or content and thus have to decide which ones to follow. The aim of this qualitative study was to investigate legal experts' perceptions, experiences, and narratives regarding medical knowledge, particularly the skills and general knowledge used in their branch of the legal profession. A total of 51 semi-structured interviews with judges and prosecutors from different courts of law and from the public prosecutor's office in six different German-speaking (Zurich, Luzern, Aagrau, Obwalden, Nidwalden, Zug) and German/French-speaking (Bern) cantons of Switzerland were conducted, coded, and analyzed using Nvivo. We used a comparison thematic approach identifying common and new themes related to the research aims. Our findings suggest that Swiss judges and prosecutors believe that possessing and developing the skills and terminology required for processing medical information is important but complex, and time-consuming for their work. Additionally, several legal experts reported that their understanding of medical evidence was limited or even non-existent. Moreover, the acquisition of skills related to the assessment of medical reports and forensic evidence appeared to be unstructured. Participants reported having no formal instruction in how to evaluate or deal with medical knowledge. The sources they used to answer questions arising appeared to be in part problematic and non-standardized (internet, newspapers, etc.). Medical literature from peer-reviewed journals was used only rarely. The findings from this study suggest that law departments might wish to evaluate whether their graduates are sufficiently equipped with scientific literacy skills and appropriate skills to evaluate medical information for their later careers. At the same time, medical knowledge pertinent to forensics published in local legal journals may be more effective in reaching the legal expert audience than in medical journals.
机译：专业的科学知识（包括医学知识）与法律专业相关，并且可以极大地影响刑法，民法和保险法中的裁决和判刑。因此，理解和评估这种医学证据的方式对个人和整个社会都有影响。它以各种形式进入法律程序，例如，作为专家证人陈述和/或作为法律专家自己获得的医学知识。另一方面，法律专家可能会遇到质量或内容不同的专家医学意见，因此必须决定要遵循哪些专家意见。这项定性研究的目的是调查法律专家对医学知识的理解，经验和叙述，尤其是其法律专业领域所使用的技能和常识。在六个不同的德语国家（苏黎世，卢塞恩，阿格拉，奥瓦瓦尔登，尼瓦尔德，祖格）和德语/法语（伯尔尼语）中，对来自不同法院和检察官办公室的法官和检察官进行了总共51次半结构化访谈）使用Nvivo对瑞士各州进行了编码，分析。我们使用比较主题方法来确定与研究目标相关的常见主题和新主题。我们的调查结果表明，瑞士法官和检察官认为，拥有和发展处理医学信息所需的技能和术语固然重要，但复杂且耗时。此外，一些法律专家报告说，他们对医学证据的理解是有限的，甚至根本不存在。此外，与医学报告评估和法医证据相关的技能的获取似乎是无组织的。参与者报告没有关于如何评估或处理医学知识的正式指导。他们用来回答出现的问题的资源似乎部分存在问题且不规范（互联网，报纸等）。来自同行评审期刊的医学文献很少使用。这项研究的结果表明，法律部门可能希望评估其毕业生是否具备足够的科学素养技能和适当技能，以评估其未来职业的医学信息。同时，在当地法律期刊上发表的与法医学相关的医学知识可能比在医学期刊上更有效地吸引法律专家听众。

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