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Diversity of Yeasts and Molds by Culture-Dependent and Culture-Independent Methods for Mycobiome Surveillance of Traditionally Prepared Dried Starters for the Production of Indian Alcoholic Beverages

机译:酵母和霉菌的多样性通过文化依赖和文化独立的方法对传统制备的干式发酵剂生产印度酒精饮料的菌群进行监测

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摘要

Marcha, thiat, dawdim, hamei, humao, khekhrii, chowan, and phut are traditionally prepared dried starters used for production of various ethnic alcoholic beverages in North East states of India. The surveillance of mycobiome associated with these starters have been revealed by culture-dependent methods using phenotypic and molecular tools. We identified Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Pichia anomala, Saccharomycopsis fibuligera, Pichia terricola, Pichia kudriavzevii, and Candida glabrata by ITS-PCR. The diversity of yeasts and molds in all 40 samples was also investigated by culture-independent method using PCR-DGGE analysis. The average distributions of yeasts showed Saccharomyces cerevisiae (16.5%), Saccharomycopsis fibuligera (15.3%), Wickerhamomyces anomalus (11.3%), S. malanga (11.7%), Kluyveromyces marxianus (5.3%), Meyerozyma sp. (2.7%), Candida glabrata (2.7%), and many strains below 2%. About 12 strains of molds were also identified based on PCR-DGGE analysis which included Aspergillus penicillioides (5.0%), Rhizopus oryzae (3.3%), and sub-phylum: Mucoromycotina (2.1%). Different techniques used in this paper revealed the diversity and differences of mycobiome species in starter cultures of India which may be referred as baseline data for further research.
机译:玛卡,thiat,dawdim,hami,humao,khekhrii,chowan和phut是印度东北地区传统上制备的干发酵剂,用于生产各种民族酒精饮料。已经通过使用表型和分子工具的依赖于文化的方法揭示了与这些起始物相关的真菌基因组的监测。我们通过ITS-PCR鉴定了Wickerhamomyces anomalus,Pichia anomala,Saccharomycopsis fibuligera,terichiola,Pichia kudriavzevii和gladata gladata。还使用PCR-DGGE分析,通过独立于培养的方法研究了所有40个样品中酵母和霉菌的多样性。酵母的平均分布显示为酿酒酵母(16.5%),腓肠酵母(15.3%),异常柳条(11.3%),桑氏链球菌(11.7%),马克斯克鲁维酵母(5.3%),Meyerozyma sp。 (2.7%),光滑念珠菌(2.7%)和许多低于2%的菌株。基于PCR-DGGE分析,还鉴定出约12个霉菌菌株,包括青霉曲霉(5.0%),米根霉(3.3%)和亚门类:毛霉菌(2.1%)。本文使用的不同技术揭示了印度发酵菌中菌群组物种的多样性和差异,这可以作为进一步研究的基准数据。

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