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Increased water-use efficiency and reduced CO2 uptake by plants during droughts at a continental-scale

机译：在大陆范围的干旱期间提高了用水效率并减少了植物对二氧化碳的吸收

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Severe droughts in the Northern Hemisphere cause widespread decline of agricultural yield, reduction of forest carbon uptake, and increased CO2 growth rates in the atmosphere. Plants respond to droughts by partially closing their stomata to limit their evaporative water loss, at the expense of carbon uptake by photosynthesis. This trade-off maximizes their water-use efficiency, as measured for many individual plants under laboratory conditions and field experiments. Here we analyze the 13C/12C stable isotope ratio in atmospheric CO2 (reported as δ13C) to provide new observational evidence of the impact of droughts on the water-use efficiency across areas of millions of km2 and spanning one decade of recent climate variability. We find strong and spatially coherent increases in water-use efficiency along with widespread reductions of net carbon uptake over the Northern Hemisphere during severe droughts that affected Europe, Russia, and the United States in 2001-2011. The impact of those droughts on water-use efficiency and carbon uptake by vegetation is substantially larger than simulated by the land-surface schemes of six state-of-the-art climate models. This suggests that drought induced carbon-climate feedbacks may be too small in these models and improvements to their vegetation dynamics using stable isotope observations can help to improve their drought response.
机译：北半球的严重干旱导致农业产量普遍下降，森林碳吸收减少以及大气中二氧化碳的增长速度增加。植物通过部分关闭气孔以限制其蒸发水分流失来应对干旱，其代价是光合作用吸收了碳。这种折衷可以最大程度地提高其用水效率，正如在实验室条件和田间实验中对许多单个工厂测量的那样。在这里，我们分析大气CO2中的 13 C / 12 C稳定同位素比（报告为δ 13 C），以提供新的观测证据。干旱对数百万公里 2 区域以及最近十年的气候多变性地区的用水效率的影响。我们发现，在2001-2011年影响欧洲，俄罗斯和美国的严重干旱期间，北半球的用水效率显着且空间上连贯的增长，同时净碳吸收普遍减少。这些干旱对植被的水分利用效率和碳吸收的影响远大于六个最先进的气候模型的地表计划所模拟的影响。这表明在这些模型中，干旱引起的碳-气候反馈可能太小，使用稳定的同位素观测来改善其植被动态可以帮助改善其干旱响应。

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