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Mycorrhiza in tree diversity–ecosystem function relationships: conceptual framework and experimental implementation

机译：树木多样性与生态系统功能关系中的菌根：概念框架和实验实施

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The widely observed positive relationship between plant diversity and ecosystem functioning is thought to be substantially driven by complementary resource use of plant species. Recent work suggests that biotic interactions among plants and between plants and soil organisms drive key aspects of resource use complementarity. Here, we provide a conceptual framework for integrating positive biotic interactions across guilds of organisms, more specifically between plants and mycorrhizal types, to explain resource use complementarity in plants and its consequences for plant competition. Our overarching hypothesis is that ecosystem functioning increases when more plant species associate with functionally dissimilar mycorrhizal fungi because differing mycorrhizal types will increase coverage of habitat space for and reduce competition among plants. We introduce a recently established field experiment (MyDiv) that uses different pools of tree species that associate with either arbuscular or ectomycorrhizal fungi to create orthogonal experimental gradients in tree species richness and mycorrhizal associations and present initial results. Finally, we discuss options for future mechanistic studies on resource use complementarity within MyDiv. We show how mycorrhizal types and biotic interactions in MyDiv can be used in the future to test novel questions regarding the mechanisms underlying biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships.

机译：人们普遍认为，植物多样性与生态系统功能之间的积极关系主要是由对植物物种的补充资源利用所驱动。最近的工作表明，植物之间以及植物与土壤生物之间的生物相互作用推动了资源利用互补性的关键方面。在这里，我们提供了一个概念框架，用于整合跨行业协会（尤其是植物与菌根类型之间）的积极生物相互作用，以解释植物资源利用的互补性及其对植物竞争的影响。我们的总体假设是，当更多植物物种与功能不同的菌根真菌相关联时，生态系统功能会增强，因为不同的菌根类型将增加植物的栖息地覆盖范围并减少植物之间的竞争。我们介绍了最近建立的现场实验（MyDiv），该实验使用与树丛真菌或外生菌根真菌相关联的不同树种库，以在树种丰富度和菌根协会中创建正交实验梯度，并提供初步结果。最后，我们讨论了MyDiv中有关资源使用互补性的未来机制研究的方案。我们展示了MyDiv中的菌根类型和生物相互作用如何在将来用于测试有关生物多样性与生态系统功能关系的潜在机制的新问题。

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期刊名称 other
作者
Olga Ferlian; Simone Cesarz; Dylan Craven; Jes Hines; Kathryn E. Barry; Helge Bruelheide; François Buscot; Sylvia Haider; Heike Heklau; Sylvie Herrmann; Paul Kühn; Ulrich Pruschitzki; Martin Schädler; Cameron Wagg; Alexandra Weigelt; Tesfaye Wubet; Nico Eisenhauer;
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年(卷),期 -1(9),5
年度 -1
页码 e02226
总页数 25
原文格式 PDF
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中图分类
关键词
arbuscular mycorrhiza biodiversity effects biodiversity–ecosystem functioning biotic interactions ectomycorrhiza experimental design mutualism MyDiv plant–microbe interactions resource use complementarity species richness tree diversity experiment;

机译：丛枝菌根;生物多样性影响;生物多样性-生态系统功能;生物相互作用;外生菌根;实验设计;共生;MyDiv;植物-微生物相互作用;资源利用互补性;物种丰富度;树木多样性实验;

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专利

1. Mycorrhiza in tree diversity–ecosystem function relationships: conceptual framework and experimental implementation [J] . Olga Ferlian, Simone Cesarz, Dylan Craven, Ecosphere . 2018,第5期

机译：树木多样性与生态系统功能关系中的菌根：概念框架和实验实施
2. Mycorrhiza in tree diversity–ecosystem function relationships: conceptual framework and experimental implementation [J] . Olga Ferlian, Simone Cesarz, Dylan Craven, Ecosphere . 2018,第5期

机译：树木多样性与生态系统功能关系中的菌根：概念框架和实验实施
3. From a conceptual framework to an operational approach for managing grassland functional diversity to obtain targeted ecosystem services: case studies from French mountains. [J] . Duru M., Jouany C., Roux X. le, Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems . 2014,第3期

机译：从概念框架到管理草地功能多样性以获取有针对性的生态系统服务的操作方法：来自法国山区的案例研究。
4. Relationships between the Diversity of Acacia Rhizobia and the Tree Growth Characteristics and the Environmental Conditions [C] . Lv Chengqun, Huang Baoling Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology (iCBEB), 2012 International Conference on . 2012

机译：金合欢根瘤菌多样性与树木生长特性和环境条件的关系
5. Species diversity and ecosystem functioning...putting the relationships into context. [D] . Cardinale, Bradley Joseph. 2002

机译：物种多样性和生态系统功能……将这种关系置于背景之中。
6. Tree species tree genotypes and tree genotypic diversity levels affect microbe-mediated soil ecosystem functions in a subtropical forest [O] . Witoon Purahong, Walter Durka, Markus Fischer, -1

机译：树木种类树木基因型和树木基因型多样性水平影响亚热带森林中微生物介导的土壤生态系统功能
7. : "This paper deals with the functionality of the flaked stone assemblages from several Neolithic sites of the NE of the Iberian Peninsula. The chronological framework ranges from the mid-6th to the mid-4th millennium cal. BCE, which corresponds to the Early and Middle Neolithic. This long period ranges from the arrival of the first farming communities in the Iberian Peninsula, around 5600-5500 cal. BCE, to 3600-3500 cal. BCE, two millennia later, when Neolithic communities had stably occupied most of the available territory, from the mountainous areas of the Pyrenees to the coastal areas of the Mediterranean.In this context, the NE of the Iberian Peninsula is one of the areas where a major number of use-wear analyses have been carried out, especially for what concerns the Neolithic period. This is mainly due to the interest shown by the directors of the excavations and by the Spanish use-wear specialists as well; both participated and cooperated in order to enlarge the number of contexts studied, making the NE of the Iberian Peninsula one of the areas of Europe with the largest number of ‘functional studies’. As a result, today we have a reliable picture of the type of lithic tools used by the first farming groups, how they were used, and which needs they were satisfying.The methodology employed for this type of analysis is today broadly shared by most use-wear specialists. A stereoscopic microscope is used together with a reflected-light microscope for the analysis of the archaeological specimens. Afterwards, the observed use-wear traces are compared with the traces from experimental tools. This study primarily made use of the tools preserved at the ‘Traceoteque’ of the Institución Milà y Fontanals of the CSIC of Barcelona.This paper presents the results obtained for the different types of analysed sites and the relative lithic assemblages. In this way, tools from different contexts are compared: open-air sites, caves and rock-shelters, pit-sites, burials, and mining sites. Such a diversity of contexts allowed for the exploration of the existence of recurrences and differences in the functionality of the lithic tools from one site to another. The results obtained have also provided information on some aspects related to the economic processes carried out at the different sites, caves, rock-shelters and open-air contexts. It has been possible to gain fresh data on the types of tasks carried out and their relative importance for each site, their relation with the geographical and environmental context and the natural resources available there. In addition, analysing tools recovered from burials – mainly individual inhumations – provided information on the relationships between the buried individuals and the working tools, in particular exploring the relationships between sex and age patterns and the types of tools deposited as goods.In conclusion, use-wear analysis allowed for the exploration of a variety of issues; from technical aspects related to the production and management of the lithic resources to social aspects related to the subsistence activities and the individuals that carried them out." [O] . Gibaja Bao, Juan Francisco, Mazzucco, Niccolo 2015

机译：：“本文研究了伊比利亚半岛东北部几个新石器时代遗址的片状石材组合的功能。时间框架从公元前6世纪中叶到4世纪中叶，分别对应于早期和早期。新石器时代中期，这段时间的长短是从伊比利亚半岛的第一个农业社区到来，大约在公元前5600-5500 cal，到了两千年后的3600-3500 BCE，当时新石器时代的社区稳定地占据了大部分可用土地。从比利牛斯山脉山区到地中海沿岸地区。在这种情况下，伊比利亚半岛东北部是进行过大量使用磨损分析的地区之一，尤其是在关注方面新石器时代，这主要是由于发掘负责人和西班牙使用服装专家表现出的浓厚兴趣；他们参与和合作以扩大孔蒂的数量xts进行了研究，使伊比利亚半岛的NE成为“功能研究”数量最多的欧洲地区之一。结果，今天我们可以可靠地了解第一批耕作小组使用的石器工具的类型，使用方法以及它们满足的需求。今天，大多数使用方法广泛共享用于这种类型的分析的方法穿专家。立体显微镜与反射光显微镜一起用于分析考古样本。然后，将观察到的使用磨损痕迹与实验工具的痕迹进行比较。这项研究主要利用了巴塞罗那CSIC的米拉·丰塔纳尔研究所的“ Traceoteque”中保存的工具。本文介绍了针对不同类型的分析地点和相对石器组合所获得的结果。通过这种方式，可以比较来自不同环境的工具：露天场所，洞穴和岩石避难所，露天场所，埋葬场所和采矿场所。如此多样的上下文允许探索重复性的存在以及从一个站点到另一个站点的石器工具的功能差异。所获得的结果还提供了与在不同地点，洞穴，避难所和露天环境中进行的经济过程有关的某些方面的信息。可以获得有关所执行任务的类型及其对每个站点的相对重要性，它们与地理和环境环境以及那里可用自然资源的关系的新数据。此外，对从墓葬中回收的工具（主要是个人遗体）进行分析，可提供有关被掩埋的个体与工作工具之间关系的信息，尤其是探索性别与年龄模式之间的关系以及作为商品存放的工具的类型。磨损分析允许探索各种问题；从与石器资源的生产和管理有关的技术方面到与自给活动及其实施者有关的社会方面。”

Mycorrhiza in tree diversity–ecosystem function relationships: conceptual framework and experimental implementation

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