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Diversity of Bacteria and the Characteristics of Actinobacteria Community Structure in Badain Jaran Desert and Tengger Desert of China

机译：巴丹吉林沙漠和腾格里沙漠细菌的多样性和放线菌群落结构特征

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To assess the diversity of actinobacterial taxa in desert sands and obtain the novel microbial resources, 79 and 50 samples were collected from the Badain Jaran (BJD) and Tengger Deserts (TGD) of China, respectively. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) of environmental 16S rRNA genes within these samples was conducted on an Illumina Miseq platform, using universal bacterial primers targeting the V3–V4 hypervariable region. Based on the HTS analyses, cultivation-dependent (CULD) techniques were optimized to identify the cultivable Actinobacteria members. A total of 346,766 16S rRNA gene reads comprising 3,365 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained from the BJD sands using HTS, while 170,583 reads comprising 1,250 OTUs were detected in the TGD sands. Taxonomic classification indicated that Actinobacteria was the predominant phylum, comprising 35.0 and 29.4% of the communities in BJD and TGD sands, respectively. Among the Actinobacteria, members of the Geodermatophilaceae were considerably abundant in both deserts, indicating that they represent ubiquitous populations within the deserts. At the genus level, Arthrobacter spp. and Kocuria spp. were dominant, and corresponded to 21.2 and 5.3% of the actinobacterial communities in BJD and TGD deserts, respectively. A total of 786 and 376 actinobacterial strains were isolated and identified from BJD and TGD samples, respectively. The isolates comprised 73 genera of 30 families within the phylum Actinobacteria. In addition to the Geodermatophilaceae, Streptomyces spp. were a prominent component of the isolates, comprising 25% of the isolates from BJD and 17.5% of those from TGD. Comparison of the actinobacterial community structure in other ecosystems indicated that Geodermatophilaceae was the main actinobacterial group in desert sands, which is consistent with our results. Additionally, in these desert habits, Geodermatophilaceae and some other core groups may promote or inhabit the subsequent members' occurrence or prosper to shape the bacteria community structure. However, it should be noted that a number of other low-abundance bacteria appear to be specific to desert sands, which are worth further investigation. In antimicrobial activity assays, 10.36 % of the tested isolates showed antimicrobial activities in one or more screens. Importantly, 37 of the newly isolated strains reported here represent novel taxa that could be valuable resources for further research of novel secondary metabolites and their ecological significance in deserts.
机译：为了评估荒漠沙土中放线菌类群的多样性并获得新型微生物资源，分别从中国的巴丹吉兰（BJD）和腾格里沙漠（TGD）收集了79个样本和50个样本。这些样品中环境16S rRNA基因的高通量测序（HTS）在Illumina Miseq平台上进行，使用针对V3-V4高变区的通用细菌引物。基于HTS分析，优化了依赖于培养（CULD）的技术，以鉴定可培养的放线菌成员。使用HTS从BJD砂中获得了总共346,766个16S rRNA基因读数，包括3,365个操作生物分类单位（OTU），而在TGD砂中检测到170,583个读数，包括1,250个OTU。分类学分类表明，放线菌是主要的门类，分别占BJD和TGD沙地群落的35.0％和29.4％。在放线菌中，在两个沙漠中，嗜地皮科的成员相当丰富，这表明它们代表了沙漠中无处不在的种群。在属水平上，节杆菌属。和Kocuria物种占主导地位，分别占BJD和TGD沙漠中放线菌群落的21.2和5.3％。分别从BJD和TGD样品中分离并鉴定出总共786株和376株放线菌。分离株包括放线菌门中的30个科的73属。除了嗜地皮科，链霉菌属。是分离株的重要组成部分，包括来自BJD分离株的25％和来自TGD分离株的17.5％。其他生态系统中放线菌群落结构的比较表明，嗜盐菌科是沙漠中主要的放线菌群，这与我们的结果一致。此外，在这些沙漠习性中，嗜地皮科和其他一些核心群体可能促进或栖息于随后的成员的发生或繁荣中，从而形成细菌群落结构。但是，应该指出，许多其他低丰度细菌似乎是沙土特有的，值得进一步研究。在抗菌活性测定中，被测分离物的10.36％在一个或多个筛选中显示了抗菌活性。重要的是，这里报道的37株新分离出的菌株代表了新的生物分类，它们可能是进一步研究新型次生代谢产物及其在沙漠中的生态意义的宝贵资源。

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