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The redeployment of attention to the mouth of a talking face during the second year of life

机译：在生命的第二年将注意力重新部署到会说话的脸的嘴上

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Previous studies have found that when monolingual infants are exposed to a talking face speaking in a native language, 8- to 10-month-olds attend more to the talker’s mouth, whereas 12-month-olds no longer do so. It has been hypothesized that the attentional focus on the talker’s mouth at 8–10 months of age reflects reliance on the highly salient audiovisual (AV) speech cues for the acquisition of basic speech forms and that the subsequent decline of attention to the mouth by 12 months of age reflects the emergence of basic native speech expertise. Here, we investigated whether infants may redeploy their attention to the mouth once they fully enter the word-learning phase. To test this possibility, we recorded eye gaze in monolingual English-learning 14- and 18-month-olds while they saw and heard a talker producing an English or Spanish monologue in either an infant-directed (ID) or adult-directed (AD) manner. Results indicated that the 14- month-olds attended more to the talker’s mouth than to the eyes when exposed to the ID utterance, whereas the 18-month-olds attended more to the talker’s mouth when exposed to both the ID and AD utterances. These results show that infants redeploy their attention to a talker’s mouth when they enter the word acquisition phase and suggest that infants rely on the greater perceptual salience of the redundant AV speech cues to acquire their lexicon.
机译：以前的研究发现，当单语婴儿接触以母语说的说话脸时，8到10个月大的婴儿会更多地讲话，而12个月大的婴儿不再这样做。有人假设，注意力集中在说话人的8-10个月大的嘴上反映了其依赖于高度显着的视听（AV）语音提示来获取基本语音形式，并且随后注意力下降了12岁几个月的时间反映了基本的本地语音专业知识的出现。在这里，我们调查了一旦婴儿完全进入单词学习阶段，他们是否可以将注意力转移到嘴上。为了测试这种可能性，我们在有英语学习能力的14岁和18个月大的孩子中看到并注视他们的视线，而他们却听到并听到一个说话者在以婴儿为导向（ID）或以成人为导向（AD）的情况下会讲英语或西班牙语的独白）方式。结果表明，暴露于ID话语下时，14个月大的人比讲话者的嘴多说话，而暴露于ID和AD话语下时，18个月大的人对说话者的嘴多说话。这些结果表明，婴儿进入单词获取阶段时会重新将注意力转移到说话者的嘴上，这表明婴儿依靠多余的AV语音提示的更高感知显着性来获取他们的词典。

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