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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>other >The Effects of Sleep on Emotional Target Detection Performance: A Novel iPad-Based Pediatric Game
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The Effects of Sleep on Emotional Target Detection Performance: A Novel iPad-Based Pediatric Game

机译：睡眠对情绪目标检测性能的影响：基于iPad的新型儿童游戏

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>Background: Consolidation of learning occurs during sleep but when it is disturbed there may be an adverse impact upon these functions. While research has focused upon how sleep affects cognition in adulthood, the effects of disrupted sleep are likely to impact more heavily on learning among children and adolescents. We aimed to investigate whether a night’s sleep impacts upon executive function compared with an equivalent wakefulness period. We also wanted to know whether restricting sleep would reduce these effects on performance. To investigate this issue in children, we adapted existing research methods to make them more suitable for this population.>Methods: Using a cross-over trial design, 22 children aged 7–14 completed an updated but previously validated, continuous performance task (CPT) designed to be appealing to children, containing emotional and neutral targets and presented on an iPad. We measured omission and commission errors, mean and variability of reaction times (RTs) immediately and after a delay spent in the following three ways: 11-h intervals of unrestricted and restricted sleep in the style of a ‘sleepover’ and daytime wakefulness. We examined differences in immediate and delayed testing for each dependent variable. Both sleep nights were spent in a specialist sleep lab where polysomnography data were recorded.>Results: While there were no significant main effects of sleep condition, as expected we observed significantly faster and more accurate performance in delayed compared with immediate testing across all conditions for omission errors, RT and variability of RT. Importantly, we saw a significant interaction for commission errors to emotional targets (p = 0.034): while they were comparable across all conditions during immediate testing, for delayed testing there were significantly more errors after wakefulness compared with unrestricted sleep (p = 0.019) and at a trend level for restricted sleep (p = 0.063). Performance improvement after restricted sleep was inversely correlated with sleep opportunity time (p = 0.03), total sleep time (p = 0.01) and total non-REM time (p = 0.005).>Conclusion: This tool, designed to be simple to use and appealing to children, revealed a preserving effect of typical and disrupted sleep periods on performance during an emotionally themed target detection task compared with an equivalent wakefulness period.
机译：>背景：巩固学习是在睡眠过程中发生的，但是当学习受到干扰时，可能会对这些功能产生不利影响。虽然研究的重点是睡眠如何影响成年期的认知，但睡眠中断的影响可能会更严重地影响儿童和青少年的学习。我们旨在调查与同等的清醒期相比，一夜的睡眠是否会影响执行功能。我们还想知道限制睡眠是否会减少这些对性能的影响。为了调查儿童的这一问题，我们采用了现有的研究方法，使它们更适合该人群。>方法：使用交叉试验设计，22名7至14岁的儿童完成了更新但之前已经过验证，持续表现任务（CPT）旨在吸引孩子，其中包含情感目标和中立目标，并在iPad上展示。我们通过以下三种方式立即和延迟测量了遗漏和佣金错误，反应时间（RTs）的均值和变异性：以“过夜”和白天清醒的方式，无限制和受限睡眠的11小时间隔。我们检查了每个因变量在立即测试和延迟测试中的差异。 >结果：虽然没有明显的睡眠状况主要影响，但正如预期的那样，我们观察到与延迟相比，延迟显着更快，更准确地表现了立即测试所有条件下的遗漏误差，RT和RT变异性。重要的是，我们发现佣金错误与情绪目标之间存在显着的交互作用（p = 0.034）：尽管在立即测试期间所有条件下的佣金错误均具有可比性，但对于延迟测试，与不受限制的睡眠相比（p = 0.019）睡眠受限的趋势水平（p = 0.063）。受限睡眠后的性能改善与睡眠机会时间（p = 0.03），总睡眠时间（p = 0.01）和总非快速眼动时间（p = 0.005）成反比。>结论：旨在简化对儿童的使用和吸引儿童的设计，与同等的清醒期相比，在以情感为主题的目标检测任务中，揭示了典型的睡眠时间和扰乱的睡眠时间对性能的保持作用。

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