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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>other >Transcriptome Analysis of a Bloom-Forming Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa during Ma-LMM01 Phage Infection
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Transcriptome Analysis of a Bloom-Forming Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa during Ma-LMM01 Phage Infection

机译：Ma-LMM01噬菌体感染期间形成花粉的蓝藻微囊藻的转录组分析

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Microcystis aeruginosa forms massive blooms in eutrophic freshwaters, where it is constantly exposed to lytic cyanophages. Unlike other marine cyanobacteria, M. aeruginosa possess remarkably abundant and diverse potential antiviral defense genes. Interestingly, T4-like cyanophage Ma-LMM01, which is the sole cultured lytic cyanophage infecting M. aeruginosa, lacks the host-derived genes involved in maintaining host photosynthesis and directing host metabolism that are abundant in other marine cyanophages. Based on genomic comparisons with closely related cyanobacteria and their phages, Ma-LMM01 is predicted to employ a novel infection program that differs from that of other marine cyanophages. Here, we used RNA-seq technology and in silico analysis to examine transcriptional dynamics during Ma-LMM01 infection to reveal host transcriptional responses to phage infection, and to elucidate the infection program used by Ma-LMM01 to avoid the highly abundant host defense systems. Phage-derived reads increased only slightly at 1 h post-infection, but significantly increased from 16% of total cellular reads at 3 h post-infection to 33% of all reads by 6 h post-infection. Strikingly, almost none of the host genes (0.17%) showed a significant change in expression during infection. However, like other lytic dsDNA phages, including marine cyanophages, phage gene dynamics revealed three expression classes: early (host-takeover), middle (replication), and late (virion morphogenesis). The early genes were concentrated in a single ∼5.8-kb window spanning 10 open reading frames (gp054–gp063) on the phage genome. None of the early genes showed homology to the early genes of other T4-like phages, including known marine cyanophages. Bacterial RNA polymerase (σ70) recognition sequences were also found in the upstream region of middle and late genes, whereas phage-specific motifs were not found. Our findings suggest that unlike other known T4-like phages, Ma-LMM01 achieves three sequential gene expression patterns with no change in host promoter activity. This type of infection that does not cause significant change in host transcriptional levels may be advantageous in allowing Ma-LMM01 to escape host defense systems while maintaining host photosynthesis.
机译：铜绿微囊藻在富营养化的淡水中形成大量的水华，并不断暴露于溶解性蓝藻中。与其他海洋蓝细菌不同，铜绿假单胞菌具有非常丰富和多样的潜在抗病毒防御基因。有趣的是，像T4样的噬菌体Ma-LMM01是唯一感染铜绿分枝杆菌的裂解裂解性噬菌体，它缺乏与宿主保持光合作用和指导宿主新陈代谢有关的宿主基因，而这些基因在其他海洋噬菌体中也很丰富。基于与密切相关的蓝细菌及其噬菌体的基因组比较，预计Ma-LMM01将采用不同于其他海洋蓝藻的新型感染程序。在这里，我们使用RNA序列技术和计算机分析来检查Ma-LMM01感染期间的转录动力学，以揭示宿主对噬菌体感染的转录反应，并阐明Ma-LMM01所使用的感染程序，以避免高度丰富的宿主防御系统。噬菌体来源的读数在感染后1小时仅略有增加，但从感染后3小时的总细胞读数的16％显着增加到感染后6小时的所有读数的33％。令人惊讶的是，几乎没有宿主基因（0.17％）在感染过程中表现出明显的表达变化。但是，与其他裂解性dsDNA噬菌体（包括海洋蓝噬菌体）一样，噬菌体基因动力学揭示了三种表达类型：早期（宿主收购），中间（复制）和晚期（病毒体形态发生）。早期基因集中在一个约5.8kb的窗口中，跨越噬菌体基因组上的10个开放阅读框（gp054–gp063）。没有一个早期基因显示出与其他T4样噬菌体（包括已知的海洋蓝噬菌体）的早期基因同源。在中晚期基因的上游区域还发现了细菌RNA聚合酶（σ 70 ）识别序列，而未发现噬菌体特异性基序。我们的发现表明，与其他已知的T4样噬菌体不同，Ma-LMM01实现了三种顺序的基因表达模式，而宿主启动子活性没有变化。这种不会导致宿主转录水平发生明显变化的感染可能在允许Ma-LMM01逃脱宿主防御系统的同时保持宿主光合作用方面可能是有利的。

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