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Ecological Networks and Urban Crime: The Structure of Shared Routine ActivityLocations and Neighborhood-Level Informal Control Capacity.

机译：生态网络与城市犯罪：例行共享活动的结构位置和邻里级别的非正式控制能力。

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摘要

Drawing on , we hypothesize that public contact among neighborhood residents while engaged in day-to-day routines, captured by the aggregate network structure of shared local exposure, is consequential for crime. Neighborhoods in which residents come into contact more extensively in the course of conventional routines will exhibit higher levels of public familiarity, trust, and collective efficacy with implications for the informal social control of crime. We employ the concept of ecological (“eco-”) networks – networks linking households within neighborhoods through shared activity locations – to formalize the notion of overlapping routines. Using micro-simulations of household travel patterns to construct census tract-level eco-networks for Columbus, OH, we examine the hypothesis that eco-network intensity (the probability that households tied through one location in a neighborhood eco-network will also be tied through another visited location) is negatively associated with tract-level crime rates (N=192). Fitted spatial autoregressive models offer evidence that neighborhoods with higher intensity eco-networks exhibit lower levels of violent and property crime. In contrast, a higher prevalence of non-resident visitors to a given tract is positively associated with property crime. These analyses hold the potential to enrich insight intothe ecological processes that shape variation in neighborhood crime.
机译：以此为基础，我们假设在社区居民之间进行日常活动时，被共享的本地曝光的总体网络结构所捕获，这是犯罪的必然结果。居民在常规例行活动中与他们进行更广泛接触的社区将表现出更高的公众熟悉度，信任度和集体效力，这对非正式的犯罪社会控制具有影响。我们采用生态（“生态”）网络的概念（通过共享活动位置将邻里的家庭联系起来的网络）来规范重叠程序的概念。使用家庭出行方式的微观模拟为俄亥俄州哥伦布构建人口普查级的生态网络，我们检验了生态网络强度的假设（通过邻域生态网络中某个位置绑定的家庭也将受到约束的概率）通过另一个访问地点）与道级犯罪率（N = 192）负相关。拟合的空间自回归模型提供了证据，证明具有较高强度生态网络的社区的暴力和财产犯罪水平较低。相反，非居民游客到特定区域的较高患病率与财产犯罪成正相关。这些分析具有丰富的洞察力塑造邻里犯罪变化的生态过程。

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