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Bias and estimation under misspecification of the risk period in self-controlled case series studies

机译:自我控制案例系列研究中风险期误分下的偏差和估计

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摘要

The self-controlled case series (SCCS) method is useful for estimating the relative incidence (RI) of acute events, such as adverse events (AEs) during a specified risk period following an exposure (e.g., 6-week period after vaccinations or 30-day period after infection-related hospitalizations). In practice, the “optimal” risk period is unknown and must be specified. To date, two approaches are available to guide the specification of the risk period. Both methods do not fully utilize the nature of the bias due to misspecification, which to date has not been characterized. Thus, we elucidate the bias of SCCS estimate of the RI when the risk period is misspecified. We then propose a novel method that more effectively estimates the optimal risk period and the associated RI of AEs. The new method incorporates information on the functional form of the bias. Efficacy of the proposed approach is illustrated with substantial reduction in bias and variance in simulation studies. The proposed method is illustrated with two SCCS studies to determine the (1) risk of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura after measles-mumps-rubella vaccination in children and (2) risk of cardiovascular events after infection-related hospitalizations in older patients on dialysis.
机译:自控病例系列(SCCS)方法可用于估算急性事件(如在暴露后的特定风险期内(例如,接种疫苗后6周或30天内)的不良事件(AE))的相对发生率(RI)与感染有关的住院天数)。实际上,“最佳”风险期是未知的,必须指定。迄今为止,有两种方法可以指导风险期的确定。两种方法都没有充分利用由于规格不当而导致的偏差的性质,迄今为止尚未对其进行表征。因此,我们阐明了风险时期不确定时RI的SCCS估计的偏差。然后,我们提出了一种新颖的方法,可以更有效地估计AE的最佳风险期和相关的RI。新方法结合了偏差功能形式的信息。通过仿真研究中偏差和方差的显着降低,说明了该方法的有效性。通过两项SCCS研究来说明所提出的方法,以确定(1)儿童麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹疫苗接种后特发性血小板减少性紫癜的风险,以及(2)透析后老年患者感染相关住院后的心血管事件风险。

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