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Water Energy and Carbon with Artificial Neural Networks (WECANN): A statistically-based estimate of global surface turbulent fluxes and gross primary productivity using solar-induced fluorescence

机译:人工神经网络(WECANN)的水能源和碳:使用太阳诱导的荧光基于统计的全球表面湍流通量和总初级生产力的估计

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摘要

A new global estimate of surface turbulent fluxes, latent heat flux (LE) and sensible heat flux (H), and gross primary production (GPP) is developed using a machine learning approach informed by novel remotely sensed Solar-Induced Fluorescence (SIF) and other radiative and meteorological variables. This is the first study to jointly retrieve LE, H and GPP using SIF observations. The approach uses an artificial neural network (ANN) with a target dataset generated from three independent data sources, weighted based on triple collocation (TC) algorithm. The new retrieval, named Water, Energy, and Carbon with Artificial Neural Networks (WECANN), provides estimates of LE, H and GPP from 2007 to 2015 at 1° × 1° spatial resolution and on monthly time resolution. The quality of ANN training is assessed using the target data, and the WECANN retrievals are evaluated using eddy covariance tower estimates from FLUXNET network across various climates and conditions. When compared to eddy covariance estimates, WECANN typically outperforms other products, particularly for sensible and latent heat fluxes. Analysing WECANN retrievals across three extreme drought and heatwave events demonstrates the capability of the retrievals in capturing the extent of these events. Uncertainty estimates of the retrievals are analysed and the inter-annual variability in average global and regional fluxes show the impact of distinct climatic events – such as the 2015 El Niño - on surface turbulent fluxes and GPP.
机译:利用一种新型的遥感太阳能感应荧光(SIF)信息的机器学习方法,对表面湍流,潜热通量(LE)和显热通量(H)以及总初级生产量(GPP)进行了新的全球估算。其他辐射和气象变量。这是第一项使用SIF观测共同检索LE,H和GPP的研究。该方法将人工神经网络(ANN)与目标数据集结合使用,该目标数据集由三个独立的数据源生成,并基于三重配置(TC)算法加权。新的取名为人工神经网络的水,能源和碳(WECANN),提供了2007年至2015年LE,H和GPP在1°×1°空间分辨率和每月时间分辨率下的估计值。使用目标数据评估ANN训练的质量,并使用FLUXNET网络在各种气候和条件下的涡动协方差塔估算值评估WECANN检索结果。与涡流协方差估计相比,WECANN通常胜过其他产品,特别是在感热通量和潜热通量方面。分析WECANN检索到的三个极端干旱和热浪事件,证明了检索在捕获这些事件范围方面的能力。分析了取回的不确定性估计,平均全球和区域通量的年际变化显示了不同的气候事件(如2015年厄尔尼诺现象)对地表湍流和GPP的影响。

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