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PIF4 Promotes Expression of LNG1 and LNG2 to Induce Thermomorphogenic Growth in Arabidopsis

机译:PIF4促进LNG1和LNG2的表达以诱导拟南芥中热形态发生的生长。

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摘要

Arabidopsis plants adapt to high ambient temperature by a suite of morphological changes including elongation of hypocotyls and petioles and leaf hyponastic growth. These morphological changes are collectively called thermomorphogenesis and are believed to increase leaf cooling capacity by enhancing transpiration efficiency, thereby increasing tolerance to heat stress. The bHLH transcription factor PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR4 (PIF4) has been identified as a major regulator of thermomorphogenic growth. Here, we show that PIF4 promotes the expression of two homologous genes LONGIFOLIA1 (LNG1) and LONGIFOLIA2 (LNG2) that have been reported to regulate leaf morphology. ChIP-Seq analyses and ChIP assays showed that PIF4 directly binds to the promoters of both LNG1 and LNG2. The expression of LNG1 and LNG2 is induced by high temperature in wild type plants. However, the high temperature activation of LNG1 and LNG2 is compromised in the pif4 mutant, indicating that PIF4 directly regulates LNG1 and LNG2 expression in response to high ambient temperatures. We further show that the activities of LNGs support thermomorphogenic growth. The expression of auxin biosynthetic and responsive genes is decreased in the lng quadruple mutant, implying that LNGs promote thermomorphogenic growth by activating the auxin pathway. Together, our results demonstrate that LNG1 and LNG2 are directly regulated by PIF4 and are new components for the regulation of thermomorphogenesis.
机译:拟南芥植物通过一系列形态变化(包括下胚轴和叶柄的伸长以及叶片发育不良)来适应高温。这些形态变化统称为热形态发生,据信可通过提高蒸腾效率来增加叶片的冷却能力,从而增加对热胁迫的耐受性。 bHLH转录因子PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR4(PIF4)已被确定为热形态发生生长的主要调节剂。在这里,我们显示PIF4促进两个同源基因LONGIFOLIA1(LNG1)和LONGIFOLIA2(LNG2)的表达,这些基因已被报道调节叶片的形态。 ChIP-Seq分析和ChIP分析表明,PIF4直接与LNG1和LNG2的启动子结合。 LNG1和LNG2的表达是由高温诱导的野生型植物。但是,在pif4突变体中,LNG1和LNG2的高温激活受到损害,表明PIF4响应于高环境温度直接调节LNG1和LNG2的表达。我们进一步表明,液化天然气的活动支持热形态发生生长。生长素生物合成和响应基因的表达在lng四倍体突变体中降低,这意味着LNG通过激活生长素途径促进热形态发生生长。在一起,我们的结果表明LNG1和 LNG2 直接受PIF4调控,并且是调控热形态发生的新成分。

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