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Spaceflight and low doses of ionizing radiation affect the expression of Hsp90 genes and induce phenotypic variations in Arabidopsis

机译：漏洞和低剂量的电离辐射会影响HSP90基因的表达，并诱导拟南芥的表型变化

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Over the past decades, many studies reported that exposure to space environment could cause diverse changes in plants, including a remarkable increase in the frequency of phenotypic variation. These changes were generally considered as phenotypic responses to genetic modifications induced by cosmic radiation. Whereas several other studies showed that spaceflight exposure does not cause significant increase in gene mutation frequency or heritable changes._So, there is a marked disparity between the incidence of phenotypic variations and genetic changes reported in earlier studies, which should not be neglected. This fact prompts us to speculate about the possibility of non-genetic pathway by which spaceflight provokes phenotypic variations. Hsp90-dependent buffering mechanism seems to be the most probable candidate. Impairment of Hsp90 function could expose previously concealed genetic variations and produce phenotypic changes. Recent studies have shown that expressions of HSP genes are changed in response to spaceflight in plants. But the response of Hsp90 genes to space environment has not been analyzed specially. In this study, we analyzed the mRNA levels of 4 cytosolic Hsp90 genes in two ecotypes of Arabidopsis using Quantitative RT-qPCR after exposing seeds to spaceflight and low dose ionizing radiations (spaceflight---Shenzhou 10 mission for 15 days in space, γ radiations---0.5mGy/day, 5 mGy/day and 10 mGy/day for 15 days) . The results showed that a sustaining disturbance in the regulation of Hsp90 genes was induced in Arabidopsis seedlings from seeds exposed to spaceflight and low dose ionizing radiations. The initial changes of Hsp90 expression were responsive to the dose of ionizing radiation within the tested range in a non-linear manner. The responses of different Hsp90 genes varied depending on ecotypes. These results suggest that exposure to low dose of ionizing radiation during spaceflight may play an important role in induction of phenotypic variations in plants in an ecotype-dependent manner.
机译：在过去几十年中，许多研究报告说，暴露于空间环境可能导致植物的多样化，包括表型变异频率显着增加。这些变化通常被认为是对宇宙辐射诱导的遗传修饰的表型反应。虽然其他几项研究表明，漏洞暴露不会导致基因突变频率或遗传变化的显着增加._所，在早期研究中报告的表型变异和遗传变化的发生率之间存在明显的差异，不应忽视。这一事实促使我们推测宇宙飞行引起表型变异的非遗传途径的可能性。 HSP90依赖性缓冲机制似乎是最可能的候选人。 HSP90功能的损害可能暴露先前隐藏的遗传变异并产生表型变化。最近的研究表明，HSP基因的表达是响应植物空间的变化。但是，HSP90基因对空间环境的反应尚未特别分析。在这项研究中，我们分析了4个胞质Hsp90的基因的mRNA水平在拟南芥的两个生态型使用定量RT-qPCR的在空间暴露种子航天和低剂量的电离辐射（航天---神舟10任务15天，γ辐射后--- 0.5吨/天，5米/天和10米/天15天）。结果表明，从暴露于空间和低剂量电离辐射的种子中拟查Hsp90基因调节中的持续扰动。 HSP90表达的初始变化响应于以非线性方式在测试范围内的电离辐射的剂量。不同HSP90基因的反应根据生态型而变化。这些结果表明，暴露于井太空的低剂量电离辐射可能在诱导植物中以生态型依赖性方式发挥重要作用。

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