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Using a Large-Scale Neural Model of Cortical Object Processing to Investigate the Neural Substrate for Managing Multiple Items in Short-Term Memory

机译：使用皮质对象处理的大规模神经模型研究用于管理短期记忆中多个项目的神经基质

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Many cognitive and computational models have been proposed to help understand working memory. In this paper, we present a simulation study of cortical processing of visual objects during several working memory tasks using an extended version of a previously constructed large-scale neural model (). The original model consisted of arrays of Wilson-Cowan type neuronal populations representing primary and secondary visual cortices, inferior temporal cortex and prefrontal cortex (PFC). We added a module representing entorhinal cortex, which functions as a gating module. We successfully implemented multiple working memory tasks using the same model and produced neuronal patterns in visual cortex, IT and PFC that match experimental findings. These working memory tasks can include distractor stimuli, or can require that multiple items be retained in mind during a delay period (Sternberg’s task). Besides electrophysiology data and behavioral data, we also generated fMRI BOLD time-series from our simulation. Our results support the involvement of inferior temporal cortex in working memory maintenance and suggest the cortical architecture underlying the neural mechanisms mediating particular working memory tasks. Furthermore, we noticed during simulations of memorizing a list of objects, the first and the last item in the sequence were recalled best, which may implicate the neural mechanism behind this important psychological effect (i.e., the primacy and recency effect).
机译：已经提出了许多认知和计算模型来帮助理解工作记忆。在本文中，我们使用先前构建的大规模神经模型的扩展版本，对在几个工作记忆任务期间视觉对象的皮质处理进行了仿真研究。原始模型由代表主要和次要视皮层，颞下皮层和前额叶皮层（PFC）的Wilson-Cowan型神经元群体组成。我们添加了代表内嗅皮层的模块，该模块用作门控模块。我们使用相同的模型成功实施了多个工作记忆任务，并在视觉皮层，IT和PFC中产生了与实验结果相符的神经元模式。这些工作记忆任务可能包括分散注意力的刺激，或者可能需要在延迟时间内记住多个项目（Sternberg的任务）。除了电生理数据和行为数据，我们还从仿真中生成了fMRI BOLD时间序列。我们的研究结果支持下颞叶皮层参与工作记忆的维持，并提出了介导特定工作记忆任务的神经机制基础的皮层结构。此外，我们在模拟记忆对象列表的过程中注意到，序列中的第一项和最后一项被召回得最好，这可能暗示了这一重要心理效应（即至尊和新近度效应）背后的神经机制。

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