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Genetic structure of coral-Symbiodinium symbioses on the world’s warmest reefs

机译：世界上最温暖的珊瑚礁上的珊瑚-共生共生体的遗传结构

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Corals in the Arabian/Persian Gulf (PAG) survive extreme sea temperatures (summer mean: >34°C), and it is unclear whether these corals have genetically adapted or physiologically acclimated to these conditions. In order to elucidate the processes involved in the thermal tolerance of PAG corals, it is essential to understand the connectivity between reefs within and outside of the PAG. To this end, this study set out to investigate the genetic structure of the coral, Platygyra daedalea, and its symbiotic algae in the PAG and neighbouring Gulf of Oman. Using nuclear markers (the ITS region and an intron of the Pax-C gene), this study demonstrates genetic divergence of P. daedalea on reefs within the thermally extreme PAG compared with those in the neighbouring Gulf of Oman. Isolation by distance of P. daedalea was supported by the ITS dataset but not the Pax-C intron. In addition, the symbiont community within the PAG was dominated by C3 symbionts, while the purportedly thermotolerant clade D was extremely rare and was common only at sites outside of the PAG. Analysis of the psbAncr indicates that the C3 variant hosted by P. daedalea in the PAG belongs to the newly described species, Symbiodinium thermophilum. The structuring of the coral and symbiont populations suggests that both partners of the symbiosis may contribute to the high bleaching thresholds of PAG corals. While limited gene flow has likely played a role in local adaptation within the PAG, it also indicates limited potential for natural export of thermal tolerance traits to reefs elsewhere in the Indian Ocean threatened by climate change.
机译：阿拉伯/波斯湾（PAG）的珊瑚在极端的海水温度下（夏季平均值：> 34°C）可以生存，目前尚不清楚这些珊瑚是否经过遗传适应或在生理上适应这些条件。为了阐明涉及PAG珊瑚耐热性的过程，必须了解PAG内外珊瑚礁之间的连通性。为此，本研究着手研究PAG和邻近的阿曼湾中的珊瑚Platygyra daedalea及其共生藻类的遗传结构。这项研究利用核标记（ITS区和Pax-C基因的内含子），证明了热极端PAG内珊瑚礁与邻近阿曼湾珊瑚礁的遗传差异。 ITS数据集支持按假单胞菌的距离进行分离，但Pax-C内含子不支持。此外，PAG中的共生体群落主要由C3共生体控制，而据称耐热进化枝D非常罕见，并且仅在PAG以外的地方很常见。对psbA ncr 的分析表明，PAG中daedalea宿主的C3变体属于新描述的嗜热栖热菌。珊瑚和共生菌种群的结构表明，共生的两个伙伴都可能导致PAG珊瑚的高漂白阈值。尽管有限的基因流动可能在PAG内的局部适应中发挥了作用，但它也表明将热耐受性状自然出口到受气候变化威胁的印度洋其他地方的珊瑚礁的潜力有限。

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