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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Frontiers in Physiology >The Cross-Education Phenomenon: Brain and Beyond
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The Cross-Education Phenomenon: Brain and Beyond

机译：跨教育现象：大脑与超越

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>Objectives: Unilateral resistance training produces strength gains in the untrained homologous muscle group, an effect termed “cross-education.” The observed strength transfer has traditionally been considered a phenomenon of the nervous system, with few studies examining the contribution of factors beyond the brain and spinal cord. In this hypothesis and theory article, we aim to discuss further evidence for structural and functional adaptations occurring within the nervous, muscle, and endocrine systems in response to unilateral resistance training. The limitations of existing cross-education studies will be explored, and novel potential stakeholders that may contribute to the cross-education effect will be identified.>Design: Critical review of the literature.>Method: Search of online databases.>Results: Studies have provided evidence that functional reorganization of the motor cortex facilitates, at least in part, the effects of cross-education. Cross-activation of the “untrained” motor cortex, ipsilateral to the trained limb, plays an important role. While many studies report little or no gains in muscle mass in the untrained limb, most experimental designs have not allowed for sensitive or comprehensive investigation of structural changes in the muscle.>Conclusions: Increased neural drive originating from the “untrained” motor cortex contributes to the cross-education effect. Adaptive changes within the muscle fiber, as well as systemic and hormonal factors require further investigation. An increased understanding of the physiological mechanisms contributing to cross-education will enable to more effectively explore its effects and potential applications in rehabilitation of unilateral movement disorders or injury.
机译：>目标：单侧阻力训练可在未经训练的同源肌肉组中增加力量，这种作用称为“交叉教育”。传统上，观察到的力量转移被认为是神经系统的一种现象，很少有研究检查大脑和脊髓以外因素的作用。在此假设和理论文章中，我们旨在讨论针对单侧阻力训练而在神经，肌肉和内分泌系统内发生的结构和功能适应性的进一步证据。将探索现有跨教育研究的局限性，并确定可能有助于跨教育效果的新型潜在利益相关者。>设计：对文献进行严格审查。>方法：< / strong>搜索在线数据库。>结果：研究提供了证据，表明运动皮层的功能重组至少部分地促进了交叉教育的效果。与受过训练的肢体同侧的“未经训练的”运动皮层的交叉激活起着重要的作用。尽管许多研究报告称未经训练的肢体肌肉质量几乎没有增加，但大多数实验设计并未对肌肉的结构变化进行敏感或全面的研究。>结论：“未经训练的运动皮层有助于交叉教育。肌肉纤维内的适应性变化以及全身和激素因素需要进一步研究。对促成交叉教育的生理机制的进一步了解将使人们能够更有效地探索其在单方面运动障碍或损伤康复中的作用和潜在应用。

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