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Genetic Diversity and Structure of Lolium Species Surveyed on Nuclear Simple Sequence Repeat and Cytoplasmic Markers

机译：核简单序列重复和细胞质标记研究黑麦草的遗传多样性和结构

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摘要

To assess the genetic diversity and population structure of Lolium species, we used 32 nuclear simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and 7 cytoplasmic gene markers to analyze a total of 357 individuals from 162 accessions of 9 Lolium species. This survey revealed a high level of polymorphism, with an average number of alleles per locus of 23.59 and 5.29 and an average PIC-value of 0.83 and 0.54 for nuclear SSR markers and cytoplasmic gene markers, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that 16.27 and 16.53% of the total variation was due to differences among species, with the remaining 56.35 and 83.47% due to differences within species and 27.39 and 0% due to differences within individuals in 32 nuclear SSR markers set and 6 chloroplast gene markers set, respectively. The 32 nuclear SSR markers detected three subpopulations among 357 individuals, whereas the 6 chloroplast gene markers revealed three subpopulations among 160 accessions in the STRUCTURE analysis. In the clustering analysis, the three inbred species clustered into a single group, whereas the outbreeding species were clearly divided, especially according to nuclear SSR markers. In addition, almost all Lolium multiflorum populations were clustered into group C4, which could be further divided into three subgroups, whereas Lolium perenne populations primarily clustered into two groups (C2 and C3), with a few lines that instead grouped with L. multiflorum (C4) or Lolium rigidum (C6). Together, these results will useful for the use of Lolium germplasm for improvement and increase the effectiveness of ryegrass breeding.
机译：为了评估黑麦草物种的遗传多样性和种群结构，我们使用32个核简单序列重复（SSR）标记和7个胞质基因标记分析了9个黑麦草物种的162个种质中的357个个体。这项调查显示了高水平的多态性，核SSR标记和胞质基因标记的每个基因座平均等位基因数量分别为23.59和5.29，平均PIC值分别为0.83和0.54。分子变异分析（AMOVA）显示，在32核SSR中，总变异的16.27％和16.53％是由于物种之间的差异所致，其余的56.35和83.47％是由于物种之间的差异所致，而27.39和0％是由于个体内部的差异所致。标记集和6个叶绿体基因标记集。在结构分析中，32个核SSR标记在357个个体中检测到3个亚群，而6个叶绿体基因标记在160个种质中显示了3个亚群。在聚类分析中，三个近交物种聚为一个组，而近交物种则被明确地划分，特别是根据核SSR标记。此外，几乎所有的黑麦草种群都被分为C4组，可进一步分为三个亚组，而黑麦草种群则主要被分为两组（C2和C3），而有几行则与何首乌分组（ C4）或黑麦草（C6）。总之，这些结果将有助于利用黑麦草种质改良黑麦草并提高黑麦草育种的有效性。

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