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Plastic-Film Mulching for Enhanced Water-Use Efficiency and Economic Returns from Maize Fields in Semiarid China

机译：半干旱中国玉米田地膜覆盖提高水分利用效率和经济效益

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摘要

Film mulch has gradually been popularized to increase water availability to crops for improving and stabilizing agricultural production in the semiarid areas of Northwest China. To find more sustainable and economic film mulch methods for alleviating drought stress in semiarid region, it is necessary to test optimum planting methods in same cultivation conditions. A field experiment was conducted during 2013 and 2014 to evaluate the effects of different plastic film mulch methods on soil water, soil temperature, water use efficiency (WUE), yield and revenue. The treatments included: (i) the control, conventional flat planting without plastic film mulch (CK); (ii) flat planting with maize rows (60 cm spacing) on plastic film mulch (70 cm wide); (iii) furrow planting of maize (60 cm spacing), separated by consecutive plastic film-mulched ridges (each 50 cm wide and 15 cm tall); (iv) furrow planting of maize (60 cm spacing), separated by alternating large and small plastic film-mulched ridges (large ridges: 70 cm wide and 15 cm tall, small ridges 50 cm wide and 10 cm tall); and (v) furrow-flat planting of maize (60 cm spacing) with a large plastic film-mulched ridge (60 cm wide and 15 cm tall) alternating with a flat without plastic film-mulched space (60 cm wide). Topsoil temperature (5–25 cm) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in field plots with plastic film mulch than the control (CK), and resulted in greater soil water storage (0–200 cm) up to 40 days after planting. Maize grain yield and WUE were significantly (p < 0.05) higher with the furrow planting methods (consecutive film-mulched ridges and alternating film-mulched ridges) than the check in both years. Maize yield was, on average, 29% (p < 0.05) greater and 28% (p < 0.05) greater with these furrow planting methods, while the average WUE increased by 22.8% (p < 0.05) with consecutive film-mulched ridges and 21.1% (p < 0.05) with alternating film-mulched ridges. The 2-year average net income increased by 1559, 528, and 350 Chinese Yuan (CNY) ha−1 with the consecutive film-mulched ridges, furrow-flat planting and alternating film-mulched ridges, respectively, compared with the control (CK). We conclude that the consecutive film-mulched ridge method was the most productive and profitable for maize in this semi-arid area with limited and erratic precipitation.
机译：在中国西北半干旱地区，地膜覆盖物已逐渐普及，以增加农作物的水分供应，以改善和稳定农业生产。为了找到更可持续，更经济的减轻半干旱地区干旱胁迫的覆膜方法，有必要在相同的栽培条件下测试最佳的种植方法。 2013年和2014年进行了田间试验，以评估不同塑料膜覆盖方法对土壤水分，土壤温度，水分利用效率（WUE），产量和收益的影响。处理包括：（i）对照，没有塑料覆盖的常规平地种植（CK）； （ii）在玉米膜覆盖物（宽70厘米）上平整种植玉米行（间隔60厘米）； （iii）玉米播种（间隔60厘米），用连续的塑料膜覆盖的垄（每个宽50厘米，高15厘米）隔开； （iv）玉米播种（间隔60厘米），用大小不同的塑料膜覆盖的垄（大垄：宽70厘米，高15厘米，小垄50厘米，高10厘米）隔开； （v）用大的塑料膜覆盖的垄（60厘米宽，15厘米高）和没有塑料膜覆盖空间（60厘米宽）的平地交替播种玉米（行距60厘米）。在有塑料膜覆盖的田地中，表土温度（5–25 cm）显着（p <0.05）高于对照（CK），并导致种植后40天的土壤蓄水量更大（0–200 cm）。垄沟种植方法（连续覆膜垄和交替覆膜垄）的玉米产量和水分利用效率均显着高于对照（p <0.05）。采用这些垄沟种植方法，玉米平均增产29％（p <0.05），平均增产28％（p <0.05），而连续地膜覆盖的垄沟和地表玉米平均WUE提高了22.8％（p <0.05）。 21.1％（p <0.05）有交替的覆膜山脊。连续两年的地膜覆盖垄，平地种植和交替地膜覆盖垄，两年的平均纯收入分别增加了1559、528和350人民币ha -1 ，与对照（CK）相比。我们得出的结论是，在这个降雨有限且不稳定的半干旱地区，连续膜覆盖垄作法对于玉米最有生产力和效益。

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