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Harsh Parenting Child Behavior Problems and the Dynamic Coupling of Parents’ and Children’s Positive Behaviors

机译：父母养育儿童行为问题以及父母与孩子积极行为的动态耦合

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We examined self-reported maternal and paternal harsh parenting (HP) and its effect on the moment-to-moment dynamic coupling of maternal autonomy support and children’s positive, autonomous behavior. This positive behavior coupling was measured via hidden Markov models as the likelihood of transitions into specific positive dyadic states in real time. We also examined whether positive behavior coupling, in turn, predicted later HP and child behavior problems. Children (N=96; age 3½ years at Time 1) and mothers completed structured clean-up and puzzle tasks in the laboratory. Mothers’ and fathers’ HP was associated with children being less likely to respond positively to maternal autonomy support; mothers’ HP was also associated with mothers being less likely to respond positively to children’s autonomous behavior. When mothers responded to children’s autonomous behavior with greater autonomy support, children showed fewer externalizing and internalizing problems over time and mothers showed less HP over time. These results were unique to the dynamic coupling of maternal autonomy support and children’s autonomous behavior: the overall amount of these positive behaviors did not similarly predict reduced problems. Findings suggest that HP in the family system compromises the coregulation of positive behavior between mother and child and that improving mothers’ and children’s abilities to respond optimally to one another’s autonomy-supportive behaviors may reduce HP and child behavior problems over time.
机译：我们研究了自我报告的母亲和父亲严酷父母（HP）及其对母亲自主支持与孩子积极，自主行为的瞬间动态耦合的影响。这种积极的行为耦合是通过隐马尔可夫模型测量的，可以实时转换为特定的正二元状态。我们还研究了积极行为耦合是否反过来预测了以后的HP和儿童行为问题。儿童（N = 96；在时间1年龄为3½岁）和母亲在实验室中完成了结构化的清理和拼图任务。父母的HP与孩子对母亲的自主权支持做出积极反应的可能性降低有关；母亲的HP也与母亲对孩子的自主行为做出积极反应的可能性降低有关。当母亲在更大的自主权支持下对孩子的自主行为做出反应时，孩子随着时间的推移表现出更少的内在化和内在化问题，而母亲随着时间的推移表现出更少的生命力。这些结果是孕产妇自主权支持与儿童自主行为的动态耦合所独有的：这些积极行为的总量并不能类似地预测出问题的减轻。研究结果表明，HP在家庭系统中损害了积极的母子行为之间的交融关系，提高母亲和孩子对彼此的自主支持行为做出最佳反应的能力可能会随着时间的推移减少HP和孩子的行为问题。

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