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Face-to-Face Sharing with Strangers and Altruistic Punishment of Acquaintances for Strangers: Young Adolescents Exhibit Greater Altruism than Adults

机译：与陌生人面对面分享和对陌生人的无私奉献的惩罚：青少年比成年人表现出更大的无私奉献

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摘要

Young adolescents are generally considered to be self-absorbed. Studies indicate that they lack relevant general cognitive abilities, such as impulse control, that mature in early adulthood. However, their idealism may cause them to be more intolerant of unfair treatment to others and thus result in their engaging in more altruistic behavior. The present study aimed to clarify whether young adolescents are more altruistic than adults and thus indicate whether altruistic competence is domain-specific. One hundred 22 young adolescents and adults participated in a face-to-face, two-round, third-party punishment experiment. In each interaction group, a participant served as an allocator who could share money units with a stranger; another participant who knew the allocator could punish the acquaintance for the stranger. Participants reported their emotions after the first round, and at the end of the experiment, the participants justified their behavior in each round. The results indicated that the young adolescents both shared more and punished more than did the adults. Sharing was associated with a reference to fairness in the justifications, but altruistic punishment was associated with subsequent positive emotion. In sum, greater altruism in young adolescents compared to adults with mature cognitive abilities provides evidence of domain-specificity of altruistic competence. Moreover, sharing and altruistic punishment are related to specific cognitive and emotional mechanisms, respectively.
机译：青少年通常被认为是自我吸收的。研究表明，他们缺乏相关的一般认知能力，例如冲动控制，这些能力在成年初期就已经成熟。但是，他们的理想主义可能会导致他们更不容忍对他人的不公平对待，从而导致他们从事更加利他的行为。本研究旨在阐明青少年是否比成人更利他，从而表明利他能力是否是特定领域的。一百二十二名年轻青少年和成年人参加了面对面的两轮第三方惩罚实验。在每个交互组中，一个参与者充当分配者，可以与一个陌生人共享货币单位。另一个知道分配者可以惩罚陌生人的参与者。参与者在第一轮之后报告了自己的情绪，在实验结束时，参与者在每一轮中证明了自己的行为。结果表明，与成年人相比，年轻青少年分享更多并受到更多惩罚。分享与辩解中对公平的提及有关，但利他惩罚与随后的积极情绪有关。总而言之，与具有成熟认知能力的成年人相比，年轻青少年的利他行为更大，这证明了利他能力的领域特异性。此外，分享和利他惩罚分别与特定的认知和情感机制有关。

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