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Implantable neurotechnologies: a review of integrated circuit neural amplifiers

机译:植入式神经技术:集成电路神经放大器综述

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摘要

Neural signal recording is critical in modern day neuroscience research and emerging neural prosthesis programs. Neural recording requires the use of precise, low-noise amplifier systems to acquire and condition the weak neural signals that are transduced through electrode interfaces. Neural amplifiers and amplifier-based systems are available commercially or can be designed in-house and fabricated using integrated circuit (IC) technologies, resulting in very large-scale integration or application-specific integrated circuit solutions. IC-based neural amplifiers are now used to acquire untethered/portable neural recordings, as they meet the requirements of a miniaturized form factor, light weight and low power consumption. Furthermore, such miniaturized and low-power IC neural amplifiers are now being used in emerging implantable neural prosthesis technologies. This review focuses on neural amplifier-based devices and is presented in two interrelated parts. First, neural signal recording is reviewed, and practical challenges are highlighted. Current amplifier designs with increased functionality and performance and without penalties in chip size and power are featured. Second, applications of IC-based neural amplifiers in basic science experiments (e.g., cortical studies using animal models), neural prostheses (e.g., brainerve machine interfaces) and treatment of neuronal diseases (e.g., DBS for treatment of epilepsy) are highlighted. The review concludes with future outlooks of this technology and important challenges with regard to neural signal amplification.
机译:在现代神经科学研究和新兴的神经修复程序中,神经信号记录至关重要。神经记录需要使用精确的低噪声放大器系统来获取和调节通过电极界面传导的微弱神经信号。神经放大器和基于放大器的系统在市场上可以买到,或者可以在内部进行设计并使用集成电路(IC)技术进行制造,从而可以实现大规模集成或专用集成电路解决方案。基于IC的神经放大器现在可以获取不受限制的/便携式的神经记录,因为它们满足了小型化,重量轻和功耗低的要求。此外,这种小型化和低功耗的IC神经放大器现在正在新兴的可植入神经假体技术中使用。这篇评论集中在基于神经放大器的设备上,并在两个相互关联的部分中进行介绍。首先,回顾了神经信号记录,并突出了实际挑战。电流放大器设计具有增强的功能和性能,并且在芯片尺寸和功耗方面没有受到影响。其次,着重介绍了基于IC的神经放大器在基础科学实验(例如,使用动物模型进行的皮质研究),神经假体(例如,脑/神经机器接口)和神经元疾病(例如,用于治疗癫痫的DBS)的治疗中的应用。回顾总结了该技术的未来前景以及神经信号放大方面的重要挑战。

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